-
Period: 500 BCE to
Ch.13 Early African Civilizations
Geography and Early Africa
The Empire of Ghana
Later Empires
Historical and Artistic Traditions -
Period: 500 BCE to 1537
Ch.16 The Early Americas
The Maya
The Aztecs
The Inca -
200
13.1-West Africa-Gold & Salt
Gold and Salt were valuable trade resources to West Africans. Salt was used as a preservative to keep food fresh. Gold was highly valued and a tool for trading. -
300
13.4-West Africa-Griot
The Griots were story tellers that preserved the history of West Africa. They do this by sharing stories to other Griots and this is called oral history. They also shared proverbs and wise sayings. They shared the oral history because they didn’t have a written language. -
400
17.1-Geography of Europe-Climate and Vegetation
Different parts of Europe’s climate and vegetation vary region to region. -
Period: 400 to 1200
Ch.17 The Early Middle Ages
Geography of Europe
Europe after the Fall of Rome
Feudalism and Manor Life
Feudal Societies -
500
13.2-Ghana-Silent Bartering
Silent Bartering is the procedure in which people trade without meeting face to face. This was important because it prevented people from stealing gold and salt; and conducted trade peacefully. -
Period: 500 to
Ch.15 Japan
Geography and Early Japan
Art and Culture in Heian
Growth of a Military Society -
Period: 589 to
Ch.14 China
China Reunifies
Tang and Song Achievements
Confucianism and Government
The Yuan and Ming Dynasties -
600
14.1-China Reunifies-Age of Buddhism
Buddhism first came to China around 500 BC. There were few Buddhist in China. But during the Period of Disunion, many people turned to Buddhism for comfort to escape suffering and have peace. At the end of the Period of Disunion, Buddhism became very popular. -
600
15.1-Japan-Prince Shotoku
Since Japan was isolated, Prince Shotoku brought Chinese ideas to Japan. He served as a regent from 593 to 621 for his aunt, the Empress who was unable to rule alone. As regent,he sent scholars to China to learn more about the Chinese society. Some of the ideas that they brought back was Confucianism. -
600
16.1-Maya-Achievements
The Maya’s beliefs led them to impressive advances in science. They built observatories so their priests could watch the stars and plan the best time for religious festivals. With their knowledge of astronomy, the Maya made 2 calendars, one with 365 days for farming and the other with 260 days for religious activities. -
750
14.2-Tang and Song Achievements-Art and Inventions
The artist and writers in the Tang Dynasty were some of China’s greatest. We Daozi painted murals of Buddhism and Nature. Li Bo and Du Fu wrote poems. The Tang and Song Dynasties made some of the most important inventions in history. -
771
17.2-Europe after the Fall of Rome-Charlemagne
Charlemagne was a Christian King and was a good warrior. He led the franks in building a large empire. He united many tribes in central and Western Europe into a single empire. -
800
17.3-Feudalism and Manor Life-Feudalism
To defend their land, nobles needed knights, but knight equipment were expensive and few people had money. So the nobles gave them fiefs, or pieces of land instead of money for their service. In return, the knight would promise to support the noble in battle. -
800
17.4-Feudal Societies-Knights and Samurai
Knights and Samurai were simmilar in many ways. Both had to swear vows of loyalty to their lords, they had to live disciplined and honorable lives, they also followed codes like the Bushido and chivalry. Both required them to be humble and modest. -
1000
15.2-Heian Art-Lady Murasaki Shikibu
Lady Murasaki was a noble and a servant to the Empress Akiko. While serving, she wrote about court life in her diaries. She also wrote the Tale of Genji, which was the first Japanese novel. The Tale of Genji was about the daily lives of the Japanese nobles at that time. -
Period: 1000 to 1500
Ch.18 The Later Middle Ages
Popes and Kings
The Crusades
Christianity and Medieval Society
Political and Social Change
Challenges to Church Authority -
1054
18.1-Europe-Split of the Church
Most of the people in Western Europe saw the pope as the leader of the church, but Eastern Europe saw it differently. There, bishops led the church with no guidance from the pope. Popes tried to increase their authority over the church which led to Pope Leo XI excommunicating the bishop of Constantinople. This made a permanent split within the church. -
1096
18.2-Europe-The Crusades
The Crusades were long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia for Palestine, the holy land which the Europeans believed that Jesus had lived, preached, and died there. The first crusade was a success but the later crusades fail. -
1100
18.3-Europe-Gothic Architecture
In the 1100s Europeans built their cathedrals using a new style called gothic architecture. Gothic cathedrals were not only places to pray but also symbols of people’s faith. There were stained glass windows and high ceilings. -
1192
15.3-Japan Military-Samurai
While the emperor was doing his own thing, Japan’s large land owners called daimyo decided that they needed to protect their land. So they hired samurai to defend their land. Samurai wore light Armour and fought with swords and bows, later on with guns. Most samurai were from noble families. An army of samurai was very expensive. As a result, the daimyo payed them with land or food. -
Period: 1270 to
Ch.19 The Renaissance and Reformation
The Italian Renaissance
The Renaissance Beyond Italy
The Reformation of Christianity -
1279
14.3-Confucianism and the Government-Neo Confucianism
Neo Confucianism means New Confucianism. It was similar to the old one in that it taught proper behavior, but it also talks about spiritual matters. -
1324
13.3-Mali-Mansa Musa
Mansa Musa was the most famous ruler of Mali. Also he was super rich. He was a Muslim. He was so rich that he caused inflation wherever he went. He was also really into education and he built mosques and schools. His son was a total weak sauce, and caused the downfall of the empire to raiders/nomads. -
1325
16.2-Aztecs-Religion
The Aztecs were polytheistic. They believed their gods controlled nature and human activities. They regularly did human sacrifice to please their gods. Most victims were battle captives or slaves. The priests would “feed” the human hearts and blood to their gods believing that it will keep them safe. The Aztec sacrificed as many as 10000 people a year. To supply enough victims, they often battled neighboring peoples. -
1347
18.4-Europe-The Black Death
While the hundred years’ war was being fought, the Black Death swept through Europe. The plague originated from central and Eastern Asia. The plague wiped out about one third of Europe’s population. -
1368
14.4-The Yuan and Ming Dynasties-Fall of Mongol Empire
The Mongols were greedy for more land. So they set out to invade Japan. A huge Mongol army sailed to Japan but violent storms destroyed most of the Mongol army. The failed attack weakened the army. Later on, many Chinese groups rebelled and finally overthrew the Mongols. -
1370
19.1-Italy-The Renaissance
Renaissance means rebirth, it means that interest in art and literature had been sparked again. New ways of thinking emerged during the Renaissance. They were inspired by the classic Roman and Greek works. -
Period: 1400 to
Ch.20 Science and Exploration
The Scientific Revolution
Great Voyages of Discovery
New Systems of Trade -
1450
19.2-Europe-Printing Press
In the mid 1400s, a German guy named Johann Gutenberg made a printing press that used movable type. It used letters which workers would put ink on and pressed it onto a sheet of paper. -
1492
18.5-Europe-The Spanish Inquisition
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella wanted only Christians in their kingdom. So they created the Spanish Inquisition, an organization of priests that hunted down anyone in Spain suspected of secretly practicing their own religion. -
1500
20.3-Europe-The Columbian Exchange
When Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas, Europe and the Americas started to exchange plants, animals, and ideas between each other. This changed the lives of people around the world. Europe introduced new plants, culture and technology in America and America introduced new plants and animals in Europe. -
1517
19.3-Germany-Martin Luther
Martin Luther, a priest voiced out a call of reformation. He nailed a list of complaints about the church to the door of a church in Wittenberg. The list was called the 95 Thesis. Copies of the list were spread to neighboring states. Luther’s complaints made many Catholics mad and Pope Leo XI excommunicated him. This eventually led to a split in the church. -
1537
16.3-Incas-Fall
In the late 1520’s Atahualpa and his brother fought for the throne after their father died. In the end Atahualpa won but the fighting had weakened the Inca army. Later an army of 180 conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas catching them off guard. -
20.2-Europe-The Spanish Armada
Besides looking for a route to Asia, England wanted riches from the new world. At this time, Spain controlled the gold at silver of the Aztec and Inca empires. When English pirates like Sir Francis Drake began stealing treasure from Spanish ships, Spain was angry and sent out 130 ships called the Spanish Armada. But England had faster and better guns and they defeated the Armada. -
Period: to
Ch. 21 Enlightenment and Revolution
Ideas of the Enlightenment
New Views on Government
The Age of Revolution -
20.1-Europe-Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton was one of the greatest scientists who ever lived. His theories have been proven right so many times that they are now called laws. One of his laws is the law of gravity. His laws became the foundation of almost all scientific study until the 1900s. -
21.2-Europe-John Locke
Some Enlightenment thinkers developed new ideas on how governments should work. One of these thinkers was John Locke. John Locke was a English philosopher. He argued that common people should have the right to think and worship their own way. -
21.1-Europe-Age of Reason
During the Scientific Revolution, a number of scholars began to question the long-held beliefs about science, religion, and government. New scholars relied on reason and logic instead of religious beliefs. -
21.3-America-Declaration of Independence
The colonist in America created militias to protect themselves from the British troops. They began fighting in April 1775 when a militia exchanged fire with British troops. In 1776 the colonial leaders gathered for a meeting. At that meeting, Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence declaring the colonies’ independence from British rule. -
Ch.13 Modern Day, Africa, Sculpture
When the Africans built the sculptures, it was usually used for religious rituals. To this day people still use sculptures or idols for religious stuff like to worship the sculptures/idol as gods. -
Ch.15 Modern Day, Japan, Bushido
Although Bushido was created as a code for samurai, it influenced much of Japan’s society even till today. For example, loyalty and honor which was the main ideas of the code still remain very important in modern Japan. -
Ch.16 Modern Day, Maya, 365 Day Calender
The Maya were the ones who created the 365 day calendar that is still used today. They were able to accurately make this calendar because they created a number system which helped them make complex calculations. -
Ch.18 Modern Day, Europe, Universities
Universities were built by the church to teach people about religion, law, medicine, and astronomy. Today we still have universites that teach some of the same things that the universites back then taught to students. Other similar things that they did was having a fixed schedule and tests. -
Ch.19 Modern Day, Printing
If it wasn’t for Johan Gutenberg, there wouldn’t be a printer today. The modern printer we know today came from Gutenberg’s printing press. He also translated and printed the Bible in many different languages so that more people learned about God’s word. -
Ch.20 Modern Day, America, Columbian Exchange
Many of the foods we eat today would not have existed in America if it wasn’t for the Columbian Exchange. There wouldn’t be bread, beef, cheese or lettuce if it wasn’t for Europe, and there wouldn’t be tomato, potato and corn if it wasn’t for America. -
Ch.21 Modern Day, France, Montesquieu
Charles Montesquieu said that a government should be decided into separate government branches, because of him, most of our governments today, for example USA, have separate branches. Because of this, no one can fully control the government position. -
Ch.14 Modern Day, China, Gunpowder
Gunpowder was invented by the Tang Dynasty. At first, it was used only in fireworks. But later it was used to make small bombs and rockets. Eventually, gunpowder was used to make explosives, firearms. This changed the course of war for the entire human history and we still use them till today. -
Ch.17 Modern Day-Early Middle Ages-Missionaries
Missionaries are people who convert others to another religion. In Europe there were many missionaries who were sent by the pope to spread Christianity. Today there are still missionaries who spread Christianity.