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Louisiana Purchase
In 1803, Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory. This Treaty pushed the United States boundary from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. This cost about four cents per acre. Many Americans believed that expansion would make the country safer by reducing the threat of foreign invasion, but others believed it was unconstitutional. -
Lowell’s first cotton mill
Francis Cabot Lowell opened his first cotton mill in 1814. Lowelles factory used a machines that turned raw cotton into finished cloth -
Missouri Compromise
This Compromise stated that when any slave state entered the Union, a slave state would follow. The speaker of the house, Henry Clay, sponsored this compromise. Also there was no slavery north at latitude 36 degrees 30’. Northerners were angry about the extension of slavery and southerners disliked the ban of slavery. -
Andrew Jackson elected
Won the popular vote to become president in 1824, but didn’t have enough votes in the Electoral College to win presidency. In 1828 he formed a new political party known as the Democratic Party. This new party supported non-centralized government and states’ rights. Then John Quincy Adams, Jackson’s opponent, created the National Republican Party that supported a strong central government that would fund internal improvements. Jackson then won the presidency in 1828. -
Indian Removal Act
In 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act to get rid of Indians from lands east of the Mississippi. Although some tribes went along with the removal, some resisted. The Cherokees claimed that they were protected from the removal by earlier treaties. In Worcester v. Georgia, the court upheld the Cherokees’’ rights; however Jackson refused to enforce the courts decision. In the Cherokees migration in 1838 about 4,000 Cherokees died from disease, starvation, and harsh weather. -
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Trail of Tears
In 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act to get rid of Indians from lands east of the Mississippi. Although some tribes went along with the removal, some resisted. The Cherokees claimed that they were protected from the removal by earlier treaties. In Worcester v. Georgia, the court upheld the Cherokees’’ rights; however Jackson refused to enforce the courts decision. In the Cherokees migration in 1838 about 4,000 Cherokees died from disease, starvation, and harsh weather. -
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The Mexican American War
The war with Mexico began in Texas. Then, in 1819 when the United States signed the Florida Treaty with Spain, it gave up Texas, and then Texas became part of Mexico. In 1821, Mexico declared itself independent from Spain had claimed all of the land that the Spanish had colonized including Texas. At the same time settlers from the U.S. started moving to Texas because they felt it should be apart of the U.S. Mexico and America went to war over Texas in 1835. -
Compromise of 1850
California became a free state. Slavery was then allowed in New Mexican and Utah territories. The fugitive slave law was apart of this, the north didn’t like it, but the South did. -
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe crated this book to describe the cruelties of slavery through the story of a dignified slave named Uncle Tom. The novel describes Tom’s experiences with three slaveholders. Stowe hoped her novel would bring slavery to a peaceful end; instead the book increased the hostility of many Northerners toward the south. Southerners saw Stowe’s description as both inaccurate and an insult in their way of life. -
Kansas Nebraska Act
In 1854, another act of congress set the North and South on a collision course. That year senator Stephan Douglas of Illinois introduced a bill to organize the Great Plains for settlement. Southerners in congress agreed to vote for the two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska, were organized on the bases of popular sovereignty. With southern support the Kansas- Nebraska Act made it through Congress. -
Bessemer process patented
This involved blowing air through molten iron. The blast of the air removed impurities. This process made producing steel cheaper and quicker than in the past. -
Bleeding Kansas
On May 21, 1856, proslavery forces tried to destroy Lawrence, Kansas. They burned almost everything in site. Proslavery and antislavery forces battled for control of the territory. -
Dred Scott Decision
In 1856, the case of Scott v. Sanford made it to the Supreme Court. Chief Justice Rodger Taney, led the trial, saw this case as an opportunity to get rid of the slavery issue once and for all. The court issued the Dred Scot decision in 1857. -
John Brown’s Raid
John brown seized the federal arsenal and intended to distribute the weapons to slaves in the area and spark a slave result. Brown was tried for treason, convicted, and executed. -
Oil discovered in Pennsylvania
A Canadian scientist discovered how to refine crude oil that seeped out of the ground into a lamp oil called kerosene. Then a former railroad conductor named Edwin Drake studied the techniques of drilling salt wells. After several weeks of drilling, he struck oil. -
Lincoln elected
Lincoln won presidency in 1860 and he was against slavery. The south thought congress would try to abolish slavery because there was a republican in the White House. -
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The Civil War
The south seceeded from the Union because they felt that Lincoln would completly get rid of slavery. This started the Civil war. -
Emancipation Proclamation
This declared that all slaves living in states would be free forever. Slaves living in areas loyal to or under Union control were not affected. At first the Confederacy ignored it. -
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Battle of Gettysburg
More men fought and men died in this battle than any other battle. -
13th Amendment
The thirteenth amendment abolished slavery. -
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reconstruction
Reconstruction was meant to help create a better union for the south and the north after the Civil War. This was meant to make both sides happy. -
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman marched his troops southward from Tenessee destroying evrything that they found of value. On April 3, 1865, he captured the capital. -
when was Surrender at Appomattox Court House
On April 7, 1865, Lee's surender at Appomattox Court House, was the end of the southern states trying to create a seperate nation. -
Lincoln Assassinated
Lincoln was assasinated by John Wilkes Booth because he believed that he was saving the confederacy by murdering the predident. -
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Black codes
Black codes controlled almost all aspects of life and prohibited African Americans freedoms that they deserved. These laws intended to restrict the freedom and oppurtunities of African Americans. -
Johnson’s Impeachment
Johnson fired Secretary of Way, Edwin Stanton, because he saw the two laws that congress enacted designed to keep him from interfering with its Reconstruction plan. Two days later the House of Representitives voted to impeach Johnson for violating the Tenure of Office Act. The senate voted and he was one vote short of the two- thirds required to be impeached. -
14th Amendment
The 14th amenment stated that all people born or naturalized in the United States were citezens. -
Transcontinental Railroad completed
The Transcontinental Railroad aloud people to go from place to place and ship goods quickly. -
Standard Oil Formed
John D. Rockefeller created a monopoly in the oil industry. He became rich by eliminating competition. He made deals with railroads to get cheaper shipping rates and was able to charge less for his oil, putting competing companies out of business. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment staes that the right of citezens to vote shall not be denied or limited by the United States or by any state on acount of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
Carnegie forms his Steel Company
Andrew Caregie built the steel industry that was used for railroads, bridges, and skyscrapers. -
The Gilded Age
In 1873, Mark Twain coauthored a book about rich industrialists and corrupt politicians called The Gilded Age. Gilded means something looks like gold only on the outside. This period was marked by political corruption and social unrest. -
First telephone called
According to legend, the first telephone call was the result of a emergency with Bell calling out to his lab assistant, Watson, after accidentally spilling acid. -
light bulb invinted
Thomas Alva Edison created the lightbulb that would be better than the lighting system before his invension.Edison used bamboo fibers to heat the lightbulb.The lightbulb is electric and easier to use than the lighting system before this was created. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act, which outlawed trusts, monopolies, and other forms of business that restricted trade.
