-
Period: to
Maurice Duplessis
Power- Maurice Duplessis Change- A lot stayed the same, such as the power of the church and resource-based growth. Significance- Lead to The Quiet Revolution -
Period: to
Baby Boom
Power- Maurice Duplessis till 1959. Change- A rapid increase in babies born in Quebec. Significance- Lead to a demand for housing, educational and social services. -
Period: to
Immigration From Western & Eastern Europe and China
-
Period: to
The Cold War
Power- Duplessis, Lesage, and Levesque were all in power sometime during the Cold War. Change- Many economic changes, like the amount of money and resources put into the country's defence industry, and an increase in the usage of natural resources. -
Asbestos Strike
Cause- The strike started due to the poor working conditions and low wages of the asbestos miners in Quebec. Effect- The strike led to violent confrontations between the workers and the police, often resulting in injuries. Impact- The strike highlighted the growing discontent with the Duplessis government. It also contributed to the rise of the Quiet Revolution. -
Period: to
Suburban Development
Power- Maurice Duplessis, Lesage, Johnson, Bourassa, were all some time in power. Change- After WW2, development outside the city grew rapidly due to the high demand for houses. -
Period: to
Korean War
Power- Maurice Duplessis Change- The war made Quebec involved with Canada due to its commitment to NATO, allowing the government to reinforce anti-communism and strengthen conservative values. -
Quebec Implements Provincial Income Tax
Cause- Quebec wanted greater financial independence so they could control their own economy and fund infrastructure. -
Rise Of Americanism
Cause- American Media (Movies, Music, TV) are spread across Quebec, shaping the culture and consumer habits. Effect- American media consumer goods became widespread in Quebec. Impact- This led to a rise in Quebec nationalism, and a push for sovereignty. -
Creation Of The Department Of Cultural Affairs
Cause- The creation of the department was mostly part of the broader reforms of the Quiet Revolution. Promoting and preserving Quebec culture. Effect- Increased the investment the government gave to arts, literature, and cultural institutions. Impact- Between 1960-1970, the influence of Quebec literature, music, and film rose a lot more due to the creation of the department. -
Cegeps & Universite Du Quebec Network
Cause- The creation of CEGEPS was part of a broader effort to secularize education, increase accessibility and improve social mobility. Effect- They provided a bridge between high school and university, also being able to offer in more rural areas. Impact- They helped shape a more modern education system, empowering the French-speaking majority. -
Bill 16
Cause- Bill 16 was introduced in response to the growing concerns over the popularity of English in Quebec. Effect- The bill required French to be the language used in public services and on signs. Impact- Bill 16 acted as the first step for passing Bill 101 in 1977, which would give the French language more protection. -
The Ministry Of Education
Cause- Modernise the education system, which used to be heavily influenced by the catholic church. Effect- The Ministry of Education took control of public schooling, bringing quality and equality across the province. Impact- It led Quebec towards a more secular, modern, and inclusive society, providing more educational opportunities for the French. -
Expo 67
Cause- Expo 67 was part of the modernization movement during the Quiet Revolution. Aiming to transform Quebec's economy, politics, and culture. Effect- Expo 67 was able to showcase Quebec to the rest of the world. It helped establish Montreal as a growing city and bring Quebec culture to millions of visitors. Impact- Expo 67 reinforced the idea of Quebec's distinctiveness within Canada, influencing future political movements. -
Period: to
Pierre Elliott Trudeau
Power- Pierre Elliott Trudeau Change- Passed official language laws, making Canada bilingual and strong opposition to Quebec's separatist movements. -
Bill 63
Cause- French-speaking Quebecois were pushing for the protection and promotion of the French language, especially in education. Effect- Bill 63 allowed parents to choose whether their children could attend English or French schools. Impact- Bill 63 acted as the first step for other language laws like Bill 101. -
Quebec's Medicare System
Cause- The creation of Medicare was a result of the demand for universal healthcare and reducing the church's influence over social services. Effect- Quebec started a publicly funded healthcare system for all residents. Impact- It reinforced the growing power of political autonomy from federal influence and higher taxes. -
Period: to
Arrival Of Refugees (Vietnam, Laos, & Haiti)
Power- Bourassa and Levesque Change- Quebec received many refugees, particularly from Asia (Many wars) and smaller islands down south. This diversified Quebec population bringing in different social and cultural practices. -
Period: to
Robert Bourassa
Power- Robert Bourassa Change- Economic growth by completing the 1976 James Bay Project also solved the October Crisis. -
October Crisis
Cause- The FLQ was a group that fought for Quebec's independence. Effect- The FLQ kidnapped British diplomat James Cross and Quebec minister Pierre Laporte, leading Prime Minster Pierre to invoke the War Measures Act. Impact- The War Measures Act suspended civil liberties, which caused concern about the balance between security and freedom. -
James Bay Hydroelectric Project
Cause- Robert Bourassa wanted to control more of Quebec's natural resources and meet the demands of the people. Effect- Many dams, generating stations and transmission lines were created, resulting in many Indigenous communities being displaced. Impact- The Inuit fought against the project, which resulted in the James Bay Northern Agreement, which compensated communities with land. -
Period: to
The Oil Crises & Economic Downturn
Power- Robert Bourassa Change- Quebec faced inflation and fuel shortages just like the rest of Canada, which brought talk about using other resources in our land to reinforce the economy. -
Bill 22
Cause- Concerns about the dominance of English in workplaces and government sectors. Effect- It encouraged schools to use French and made French the official language of the provincial government. Impact- It was just the beginning of Quebec's plan to raise the French language, which led to Bill 101. -
Period: to
Rene Levesque
Power- Rene Levesque Change- The Government focused on making Quebec independent, while making language and cultural laws. -
Bill 101
Cause- Bill 101 was created out of fear of losing the French culture and language to the English. Effect- Restricted English in many areas and made the official language of Quebec French, meaning business and public services were French. Impact- Resulted in a rise of sovereignty and shaped Quebec's daily life now that all was French.