[1945-1980] The Modernization of Québec & The Quiet Revolution

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    Maurice Duplessis

    Power- Maurice Duplessis Change- A lot stayed the same, such as the power of the church and resource-based growth. Significance- Lead to The Quiet Revolution
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    Baby Boom

    Power- Maurice Duplessis till 1959. Change- A rapid increase in babies born in Quebec. Significance- Lead to a demand for housing, educational and social services.
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    Immigration From Western & Eastern Europe and China

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    The Cold War

    Power- Duplessis, Lesage, and Levesque were all in power sometime during the Cold War. Change- Many economic changes, like the amount of money and resources put into the country's defence industry, and an increase in the usage of natural resources.
  • Asbestos Strike

    Asbestos Strike
    Cause- The strike started due to the poor working conditions and low wages of the asbestos miners in Quebec. Effect- The strike led to violent confrontations between the workers and the police, often resulting in injuries. Impact- The strike highlighted the growing discontent with the Duplessis government. It also contributed to the rise of the Quiet Revolution.
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    Suburban Development

    Power- Maurice Duplessis, Lesage, Johnson, Bourassa, were all some time in power. Change- After WW2, development outside the city grew rapidly due to the high demand for houses.
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    Korean War

    Power- Maurice Duplessis Change- The war made Quebec involved with Canada due to its commitment to NATO, allowing the government to reinforce anti-communism and strengthen conservative values.
  • Quebec Implements Provincial Income Tax

    Quebec Implements Provincial Income Tax
    Cause- Quebec wanted greater financial independence so they could control their own economy and fund infrastructure.
  • Rise Of Americanism

    Rise Of Americanism
    Cause- American Media (Movies, Music, TV) are spread across Quebec, shaping the culture and consumer habits. Effect- American media consumer goods became widespread in Quebec. Impact- This led to a rise in Quebec nationalism, and a push for sovereignty.
  • Creation Of The Department Of Cultural Affairs

    Creation Of The Department Of Cultural Affairs
    Cause- The creation of the department was mostly part of the broader reforms of the Quiet Revolution. Promoting and preserving Quebec culture. Effect- Increased the investment the government gave to arts, literature, and cultural institutions. Impact- Between 1960-1970, the influence of Quebec literature, music, and film rose a lot more due to the creation of the department.
  • Cegeps & Universite Du Quebec Network

    Cegeps & Universite Du Quebec Network
    Cause- The creation of CEGEPS was part of a broader effort to secularize education, increase accessibility and improve social mobility. Effect- They provided a bridge between high school and university, also being able to offer in more rural areas. Impact- They helped shape a more modern education system, empowering the French-speaking majority.
  • Bill 16

    Bill 16
    Cause- Bill 16 was introduced in response to the growing concerns over the popularity of English in Quebec. Effect- The bill required French to be the language used in public services and on signs. Impact- Bill 16 acted as the first step for passing Bill 101 in 1977, which would give the French language more protection.
  • The Ministry Of Education

    The Ministry Of Education
    Cause- Modernise the education system, which used to be heavily influenced by the catholic church. Effect- The Ministry of Education took control of public schooling, bringing quality and equality across the province. Impact- It led Quebec towards a more secular, modern, and inclusive society, providing more educational opportunities for the French.
  • Expo 67

    Expo 67
    Cause- Expo 67 was part of the modernization movement during the Quiet Revolution. Aiming to transform Quebec's economy, politics, and culture. Effect- Expo 67 was able to showcase Quebec to the rest of the world. It helped establish Montreal as a growing city and bring Quebec culture to millions of visitors. Impact- Expo 67 reinforced the idea of Quebec's distinctiveness within Canada, influencing future political movements.
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    Pierre Elliott Trudeau

    Power- Pierre Elliott Trudeau Change- Passed official language laws, making Canada bilingual and strong opposition to Quebec's separatist movements.
  • Bill 63

    Bill 63
    Cause- French-speaking Quebecois were pushing for the protection and promotion of the French language, especially in education. Effect- Bill 63 allowed parents to choose whether their children could attend English or French schools. Impact- Bill 63 acted as the first step for other language laws like Bill 101.
  • Quebec's Medicare System

    Quebec's Medicare System
    Cause- The creation of Medicare was a result of the demand for universal healthcare and reducing the church's influence over social services. Effect- Quebec started a publicly funded healthcare system for all residents. Impact- It reinforced the growing power of political autonomy from federal influence and higher taxes.
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    Arrival Of Refugees (Vietnam, Laos, & Haiti)

    Power- Bourassa and Levesque Change- Quebec received many refugees, particularly from Asia (Many wars) and smaller islands down south. This diversified Quebec population bringing in different social and cultural practices.
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    Robert Bourassa

    Power- Robert Bourassa Change- Economic growth by completing the 1976 James Bay Project also solved the October Crisis.
  • October Crisis

    October Crisis
    Cause- The FLQ was a group that fought for Quebec's independence. Effect- The FLQ kidnapped British diplomat James Cross and Quebec minister Pierre Laporte, leading Prime Minster Pierre to invoke the War Measures Act. Impact- The War Measures Act suspended civil liberties, which caused concern about the balance between security and freedom.
  • James Bay Hydroelectric Project

    James Bay Hydroelectric Project
    Cause- Robert Bourassa wanted to control more of Quebec's natural resources and meet the demands of the people. Effect- Many dams, generating stations and transmission lines were created, resulting in many Indigenous communities being displaced. Impact- The Inuit fought against the project, which resulted in the James Bay Northern Agreement, which compensated communities with land.
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    The Oil Crises & Economic Downturn

    Power- Robert Bourassa Change- Quebec faced inflation and fuel shortages just like the rest of Canada, which brought talk about using other resources in our land to reinforce the economy.
  • Bill 22

    Bill 22
    Cause- Concerns about the dominance of English in workplaces and government sectors. Effect- It encouraged schools to use French and made French the official language of the provincial government. Impact- It was just the beginning of Quebec's plan to raise the French language, which led to Bill 101.
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    Rene Levesque

    Power- Rene Levesque Change- The Government focused on making Quebec independent, while making language and cultural laws.
  • Bill 101

    Bill 101
    Cause- Bill 101 was created out of fear of losing the French culture and language to the English. Effect- Restricted English in many areas and made the official language of Quebec French, meaning business and public services were French. Impact- Resulted in a rise of sovereignty and shaped Quebec's daily life now that all was French.