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Winnipeg General Strike
- Workers joined unions to fight for better pay and working conditions
- Winnipeg metal/building trades negotiated with employers for wages or 8 hr workdays etc
- Employers did not agree and 30 000 people walked out jobless
- 1919, strikers spread industry - industry until Winnipeg shut down
- leaders of the strike arrested, foreign leaders were threatened to be deported, crowd then became violent
- Strikers were labelled "undercover communists"
- Mayor of Winnipeg tried to clear the crowd
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Prohibition
Canada passed prohibition during WW1 in 1919 which banned liquor. Jan 1919, America banned sale but not consumption of alcohol, which lead to Canadian "rum running." People smuggled alcohol which lead to violence. Political cartoons were shown in newspapers displaying scenarios of smugglers. Today, Canada found a state liquor sale system that still lasts today.This system had many changes from original systems formed after prohibition but those first systems are the basis of what we have today. -
Aboriginals
The Canadian government wanted Aboriginals to fit in, residential schools were created In Canada In the early 20s to change First Nations children and to give up their culture (7-15 year olds), children were removed from their homes, sent to live far, punished/sexually assaulted if shown signs of own culture. Some children refused to co-operate and sabotaged the operations of the kitchen or classroom, stole food and supplies, ran away, or, in extreme cases, burned down their schools. -
Period: to
Roaring Twenties
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Mackenzie King
Canadian political leader from 1920s-1940s, served as 10th prime minister of Canada
Longest serving PM, leadership of Liberal Party in 1919, during WW2 he mobilized Canadian money, supplies, volunteers to support Britain and boosting the economy, maintaining home front morale
Unfortunately he believed government should not interfere in the economy, had no real plan for reducing unemployment or jump starting the economy
"won't give up a 5 cent piece to help conservative parties" -
Discovery Of Insulin
Diabetes was a disease that most likely led to death. In October 1920 in Toronto, Dr. Frederick Banting, had an idea, in 1921, Banting took his idea to Professor John Macleod at the University of Toronto. Banting removed the pancreas from a diabetic dog in 1921. In January 1922 in Toronto, a 14-year-old boy was chosen as the first person with diabetes to receive insulin. The test was a success and insulin was discovered. Insulin was a major discovery and Canada today advanced the treatment. -
Chanak Crisis
Turkish Troops wanted war with Britain because Turkey wanted control of Chanak ports. Britain requested Canada to enter the war against Turkkey in Chanak, but they were busy rebuilding from the post WW1. Mackenzie King (PM) declined on Canada's behalf. This event shaped Canada's independence instead of being tailgating Britain for being allied to them. -
Halibut Treaty
Britain had signed all of Canada's treaties and agreements, Halibut treaty wad first agreement Canada signed. It was a Canadian American agreement about fishing regulations. Canada signed treaty without Britain, PM King argued that Britain had no part in the matter and the agreement was between Canada and the US This was the first time Canada negotiated and signed an international document independently from Britain. This displayed Canada's growing autonomy of its country. -
Royal Canadian Air Force
Canadian pilots who returned from WW1 wanted to continue flying.In 1924, the Royal Canadian Air Force was created. Government believed military planes should be used for peaceful purposes as well.Pilots patrolled forestfires, watched for smuggling along Canada's coasts, checked on fishing boats. The Air Force shaped Canada's military.Today, the air forcecontinues to serve Canadians at homeand support humanitarian and UN missions overseas,aided with sept 11th terrorist attack on the United States -
Women's Issues - The Person's case
5 women challenged legal definition of word 'person"
BNA Act (Canada's constitution) stated only men (persons) could be appointed to Canadian Senate, However in 1928, the women traveled to England to present their case to Privy council, Oct 18th 1929, women ruled to be "persons," females were allowed to be senators. This was one of the biggest events that helped shape Canada's identity through recognizing Women power and Independence -
Stock Market Crash
Sudden dramatic decline of stock prices in the United States,
The Wall Street Crash 1929 followed the London's stock exchange’s crash of Sept, signaling beginning of a 12 year greatDepression
Share prices on New York stock exchange collapsed
Oct 29th, 1929, when panicked sellers traded nearly 16m shares on New York stock exchange (4 times normal amount) Dow Jones industrial average fell - 12% (Black Tuesday)
Canada received Welfare & prosperity of 2nd war ended great depression, Canada was safe -
Drought "Dust bowl year"
During the 1930s - 1950s, In the USA there had been a lack of rainfall, healthcare was burdened, banks were closed, increase in unemployment on the Prairies by years of drought, as well plagues of grasshoppers and hail storms, which destroyed many crops. Ever since these droughts had taken place, droughts today may be becoming more common in parts of Canada.(cutting trees) -
Period: to
Dirty Thirties
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R.B Bennett
Canadian lawyer, businessperson, politician, and philanthropist.
PM of Canada Aug 7th 1930- oct 23rd 1935, 1933 last point of depression he became the butt of endless jokes, 1935 he announced he supported government control/regulation
He used traditional economic policies, raised tax on imports to protect Canadian manufacturers, Canada's export trade crippled by taxes imposed on imports (Canadian exports dropped by 67%), Companies laid off workers and declared bankruptcy -
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation(CCF)
James S. Woodsworth wanted more government control of the economy and social/economic improvements. Woodsworth was against Mackenzie King since he did not have a real plan for the economy. Many ideas by the conservatives and liberals were: Welfare insurance, family insurance, unemployment insurance etc.The CCF helped Canada to recover from the great depression -
Unemployment Relief Camps
During Great Depression,1000s of jobless men were sent to federal relief camps In Canada, to help them earn money. 44 hr work weeks, men cleared bushes,built roads,etc,20 cents per day, rooms were crowded, old food. Men protested for better treatment.The men had courage to say what they believed in even if the relief camps were their last hope. Canada's identity and time period through this age was very confident. -
Social Credit Party
A conservative party lead by William Aberhart (school principal). He took Regional movement against central Canada,Aberhart believed economic hardship was caused by lack of money, solution was to give payment (social credit) of $25 per month to every adult but failed. Certificates were declared illegal by courts. In Alberta Aberhart got 56 of 63 provincial Legislature seats with 54% of the popular vote. It became the world's first Social Credit government. A great political success for Canada -
Union Nationale
Maurice Duplessis (lawyer) blamed English for problems, vowed to protect Roman Catholic religion, french language, culture, improve working conditions etc. Failed to deliver many of his election promises, he left the economy in the hands of English business interests 1937, Padlock Law was passed to secure any premises to disruptive organizations. Despite negative attitudes towards religions, Duplessis stayed in power because Quebecers liked the nationalism. -
On to Ottawa Trek
June 1935,men boarded train to Ottawa to confront PM Bennett, the Protesters were rejected. Bennett invited leaders of protesters back to Ottawa, the protesters gave up since they believed the leaders were not coming back. Leaders came back to Regina and began a rally in market square. On July 1st, police arrested men which lead to riot, Men eventually returned to relief camps. Canada's identity and the time period during this time period was very confident and the men believed in themselves. -
Amelia Earhart
Amelia was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, sher goal was to be financially independent. Men took over sports and athletics.They were seen as the stronger gender of the two. However, Amelia was one of the women who stood up to these cultural norms of the time and shaped the role of women in the family and the home. She wanted to prove that women are just as equal to men and there should be no stereotypes. This shaped Canada's look on women towards being equal.
