-
Period: Nov 20, 1300 to
ottoman empire
The most long lived post-Mongol muslim empire, and largest muslim empire. It resembled centralized monarchies of France and Spain. The success of their armies can be due to concentrating on their christian enemies in europe. -
Period: Nov 20, 1394 to Nov 20, 1460
Prince Henry the Navigator
He was the third son of the king of Portugual; he dedicated his life to the promotion of exploration. His motives to explore included: converting Africans into christianity, gain allies to attack the common enemy(ottomans). he was mostly concered with Africa and later with India. he never went farther than North Africa, but his staff was who studied to improve navigation -
Nov 20, 1440
beggining of portuguese slave trade
Enslaved Africans were captured due to raids the Portuguese held in North-West coast of africa and Canary Islands. The estamite amount of slave cartured exceeded over eighty thousand by the end of the century. Slave trade allowed Portuguese to gain access to Africa trade routes and their gold. The gold trade allowed them to create a new gold coin (the cruzado). -
Nov 20, 1453
Reign of mehmed the conquerer
he siege constantinople by using cannons to bash the ciity's walls. He avoided the sea defences and penetrated using infantry assaults. he made the ottomans seem invincible since he brought down constantinople and with it the Byzantine empire. -
Period: Nov 20, 1483 to Nov 20, 1546
Martin Luther
German monk who disagreed with the catholic churches selling of indulgences.he belived that salvation came from faith and not from certain acts. he rejected the pope's authority, which started the Protestant Reformation.His ideas were highly supported by Germans since they shared a common language. -
Nov 20, 1488
Dias' voyage into Indian ocean
Voyage was caused by the need to discover a passage around Africa to trade with the Indian Ocean. Dias' was the first Portuguese explorer to round the southern tip of Africa to enter the Indian Ocean. -
Aug 3, 1492
Columbus' first voyage
Spanish mariner who looked for a shorter route to the Indian ocean by sailing West. Sailed with three small ships the Santa Maria, Nina, and Pintain ooctober he reached the Caribean but was incorect to believe that the inhabitants were Indians. His findings resulted into more voyages, which led to the Europeans figuring out that the land founded was new. -
Nov 20, 1492
Reign of Sunni Ali
Founder of Songhay empire of west Africa.gain the title Sunni when became king of Gao. he was a great military leader who expanded toward the west. He was a Muslim that saw Islam as a threat in Political power. he mainly had military acheivments. -
Nov 20, 1500
songhai empire
caused Atlantic and Trans-Saharan trade to bring new goods to West Africans in cultural/ commercial centers such as Timbuktu. trade gave African's more militayr power since Europe trade large quantities of muskets and gunpowder in exchange for goods and slave. -
Period: Nov 20, 1500 to
Russian Empire
vastnes of the empire can cause tensions because of religouse and cultural differences. politically these tensions can be used maipulate populations to convert to a certain religion. because population was highly diverdified it makes it hard to group the people since they mixed -
Nov 20, 1502
safavid empire
used land grants to support the calvary, diverse population, held land over sea power and adopted shi'ism. Ismail (founder) at age sixteen proclaimed himself shah of iran, and that his realm would practice shi'ite islam. his word was law and he wanted for his subjescts to leave their sunni beliefs. After wars and battals Iran was finally Shi'ite. -
Period: Nov 20, 1502 to Nov 20, 1520
Moctezuma
Aztec emperer who sent his messengers to go great Cortes, and figure out whether he was a god, a freind or an enemy. Although Cortes said he was a freind, he obtained some of the Aztec's subjects to revolt against them. They held Moctezuma prisoner, who was killed in the conflict between the spanish and Aztecs. The Spanish successfully took over the capitol and weakend their opposers with diseases. -
Period: Nov 20, 1509 to Nov 20, 1564
John Calvin
well-educated french man and highly influential protestant leader. he published " The Institutes of the Christian Religion", its a summary of christian teachings. he differed form other theologists because he belived that the idea of salvation is a gift from God that has already been "predestined".his followers( calvanists) elected their own governing committees and councils to regulate doctrine issues. -
Nov 20, 1519
Spanish conquest of Mexico
was caused by the desire to conqure and gain plunder without the need of trade, also the desire for gold. Cortes hears of the rich Aztec Empire and gained the suppot of subject peoples. the Natives lacked in immunity, and his expidition transmitted small pox; it weakened the natives allowing the spanish to conquer without difficulty. After battles to obtain nthe capital, the spanish spread to expand to other parts of mexico. -
Period: Nov 20, 1520 to Nov 20, 1566
Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent
son of Selim I, mhe was known as the "law-giver" by his subjects. he commanded the greatest ottoman assualt on europe. his reign was considered the golden age when the imperial system worked to perfection. he gained control over mediterranean lands. -
Nov 20, 1526
Mughal Dynasty
Babur was its founder and he is the son in law of Genghis Khan and as such he was not given political power like that given to the Khan family. India was a Hindu civilization and Mughals were mostly muslim turks. since indians did not accomidate to islam, rulers had to organize a way to allow both to coexist. -
Nov 20, 1530
Columbian Exchange
Its the transfer of peoples, animals, plants, and diseases between the old and new worlds. Basically, the Europleans invaded the western hemisphere,and allowed for old world diseases to enter the new world which weaked the natives. -
Period: Nov 20, 1545 to Nov 20, 1563
council of Trent
A council held in Trent, a city in Northern Italy. They held three sessions where they distinguished between catholic doctrines from protestant. They reformed the supremacy of the pope, required each bishop to his diocese and each diocese to have a theological seminary to train priests. Resulted into new religous order. -
Period: Nov 20, 1556 to
Reign of Akbar
Babor's grandson granted land revenues to military and government officials for their service. he faced a few external threats, his authority was capable of bringing an immense amount of blood for a fight. he expanded into all of India except the southern tip. -
Period: Nov 20, 1564 to
Galileo Galilei
An italian ,who in 1609 built the telescope. It alowed for distant things to be magnified 30x more than with th nakked eye. He was able to repot that the moon held mountains and valleys, the sun had spots, and other planets also had moons. he ridiculed those who did not accept his findings which had gotten him condemned form the church. -
Tokugawa Shogunate
New shogun, Tokugawa leyasu established the new government, and created the new administrative empire in Edo (Tokyo). gave Japan more political unity; he worked hard to keep decentralized political system from dcentigrating. Used regional lords and daimyo who were all paid in rice, hence the rice exchange. -
Period: to
Thirty years' War
caused long lasting depopulation and economic decline in most of the holy roman empire. It improved European skills in armed forces and weaponry and it made them the most powerful in the world. it resulted into impressive armies. -
Period: to
John Locke
English political philosopher, who disputed monarchial claims to absolute authority by devine right. He arguede that authority was subject to law, and if they oversee that law the subjects had the right to rebel. His philosophies effected the power countries give to their high authorities. -
manchus empire
manchu family was head of qing empire where the population was mostly chinese instead of manchu. in the summer of 1644 instead of helping restore the ming dynasty they took over china and other parts including mongolia and taiwan. they adopted many institutes and policies of china. -
Qing Dynasty
Ruled by a manchu family.the population was mostly chinese since they were on china. This is the dynasty where manchu invaders ruled, they adopted many chinese basis of government. -
England's Glorious Revolution
it was a bloodless revolution within England's government. caused because King James II refused parliaments rights and baptized his heir as a roman catholic. as a result the Glorious Revolution occured and parliament exiled James, also from there after parliament had to be informed frequently to changes in laws. -
Period: to
Peter the Great
Greatest of the romanovs, he expanded the russian empire and reduce its isolation. Transformed russia by turning away from asia and towards europe.he felt responsible for the christians under the ottomans muslims control, so he had a navy constructed and "crusaded" his way to the ottoman empire.
