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Mar 4, 1394
Prince Henry the Navigator
The attack on Ceuta was led by young Prince Henry, the thirs sn of the king of Portugal. He devoted all his life to promoting exploration of the South Atlantic; thats how he got the name Henry the Navigator. He wished to discover new places and hoped that such new contacts would be profitable. -
Nov 16, 1440
Beginning of Portuguese slave trade
The first financial return from voyages came from selling into slavery Africans captured by Portuguese raids during the 1440's. A disease, malaria arrived with the slaves as well. It ravaged and reduced native populations. The African slave trade also added a thrid cultural stem to all Latin America society, at first they were concentrated in plantaion regions, but then began to live with their cultural practices, music, cuisine, etc. It also led to appearance of new American ethnicities. -
Nov 16, 1450
Columbian Exchange
Th term Columbian Exchange refers to the transfer of peoples, animals, plants, and diseases between the New and Old Worlds. The new crops enriched agriculture but brought dieseases as well. Many of the dramatic population changes weakened native peoples' capacity for resistance and facilitated the transfer of plants, animals, and related technologies. -
Nov 16, 1452
Ottoman Empire
The Turkic nomads from whom the rulers of Ottoman Empire descended had come to Anatolia in the same wave of Turkic migrations as Seljuks. Ottoman Empire, whose Muslim rulers already controlled most of the Middle East and North Africa. -
Nov 16, 1453
Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror
Mehmed "the conqueror" laid seige to Constantinople, using enormous cannon to bash in the citys walls, dragging warships over a high hill from the Bosporous strait to the citys inner harbor to avoid its sea defenses, and finally penetraiting the citys land walls through a series of infantry assults. -
Nov 16, 1464
Reign of Sunni Ali
Sunni Ali founded the Songhai empire of West Africa. He was known as a great military leader, and called Ali Ber. Not much is known about his early life, except he was a powerful leader. Ali came to power in a centrally located and relatively strong state at a time when a power vacuum was developing. -
Nov 16, 1483
Martin Luther
(1483-1546) A young professor of sacred scripture, objected to the way the new indulgence was preached. He had forsaken money, marriage for a monastic life of prayer, self-denial, and study. He also objected to the way the indulgence preachers appeared to emphasize giving money more than faith. He even asked the pope to stop this. -
Nov 16, 1488
Dias' voyage into Indian Ocean
Dias was the first Portuguese explorer to round the southern tip of Africa and enter the Indian Ocean. They sent him in hope of finding a trade route to India. The voyage was succesful in the way that Europe figured they could trade directly with India instead of other parts of Asia. -
Aug 3, 1492
Columbus' first voyage
The leader of overseas mission was Christopher Columbus, who entered Portuguese service 1476. Sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella in search of the riches of Indian Ocean. The first voyage was when Columbus thought he had found a faster route to India, but had actually just found the United States; therefore, he called the natives Indians. Columbus refused to accept the fact that he had found an unknown continent, insisting he found a shorter route. The discovery of New World. -
Nov 16, 1493
Songhai Empire
A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At its height in the sixteenth century, the Muslim Songhai Empire strecthed from Atkantic to the land of the Hause and major player in the trans Saharan trade.A slave general seized control of Songhai Empire in 1493. -
Nov 16, 1500
Russian Empire
Russia expanded rapidly during the next three centuriesto create an empire that stretched from eastern Europe across northern Asia and into North Africa. It also was one of the major powers of Eirope by 1750. The Russian Empire used to be poor, but the society became more popular. The emerging Russian Empire included peoples who spoke Asian languages and not Christian. -
Nov 16, 1502
Moctezuma
An Aztec Emperor who sent messangers to greet Cortes and determine whether he was god or man, friend or foe. Unfortunately, he quickly found himself a prisoner in his own palace. He was then killed. -
Nov 16, 1502
Safavid Empire
(1502-1722) The Islamic world saw the dramatic expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East and establishment of the Safavid Empire in Iran and the Mughal Empire in South Asia. The Safavid Empire of Iran resembled its longtime Ottoman foe in many ways; it initially used land grants to support its all-important cavalry; its population spoke several languages; it focused on land rather than sea power; and urban notables, nomadic chieftains, etc. -
Nov 16, 1509
John Calvin
(1509-1564) John Calvin was a well -educated Frenchman who turned from the study of law to theology after experiencing a religious conversion, became a higly influential Protestant leader. Calvin's teachings differed from that of Roman Catholics and Lutherans in two respects. He denied that even human faith could merit salvation and salvation was a gift of god. -
Nov 16, 1519
Spanish conquest of Mexico
(1519-1521) It was led by Hernando Cortes, who left Cuba with 600 fighting men and the islands stock of weapons to assult the Mexican mainland in search for slaves and to establish trade. Then he learned about the rich Aztec Empire, and brought a huge conquest. The Aztec's were forced into labor. Cortes expedition transmitted smallpox to Mexico in 1518. -
Nov 16, 1520
Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent
(1520-1566) The son of Selim, known to his subjects as Suleiman Kanuni commanded the greatest Ottoman assult on Christian Europe. Suleiman seemed unstoppable as he conquered Belgrade in 1521. Sultan Suleiman, Ottoman Empire was the most powerful and best organized state in Europe and the Islamic World. -
Nov 16, 1526
Mughal Dynasty
Mughal means "Mongol" in Persian, the Timurids were of Turkic rather than Mongol origin. All southern tip of India fell under Mughal rule. They inherited traditions of unified imperial rule from both the Islamic caliphate and more recent examples of Genghis Khan and Timur. -
Nov 16, 1543
Tokugawa Shogunate
A new shogun, Tokugawa Ieyasu ( 1543-1616) had gained the upper hand in the conflict and established a new military government known as the Tokugawa Shogunate. It gave JAPAN more political unity than the islands had seen in centuries. The economy grew faster than the population as well. -
Nov 16, 1545
Council of Trent
A council that met at the city of Trent, in northern Italy, in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 painstakingly distinguished proper Catholic doctrines from Protestant "errors" It also reaffirmed the supremacy of the pope and called for a number of reforms, including the requires for each bishop to reside his diocese and to have a theological seminary to train preists. -
Nov 16, 1556
Reign Of Akbar
(1556-1605) Babur's grandson, a brilliant but mercurial man whose illiteracy betrayed his upbringing in the wilds of Afghanistan, established the central administration of the expanding state. Akbar granted land revenues to military officers and government officials in return for their services. -
Galileo Galilei
(1564-1642)He was one of the most brilliant Italians. In 1609 he built a telescope through which he took a closer look at the heavens. He was able to view distant objects thirty times beyond the power of the naked eye. He saw many things that changed his thought; therefore, he argued that the conflict between scripture and science was only apparent. -
Thirty Years' War
(1618-1648)The thirty years war was a series of wars fought in Europe, involving the countries of Europe. The causes were because The Peace of Augsburg had brought a temperary truce in the religious conflict, but the settlement had only recognized Lutherans and Catholics, and Calvinism had begun to demand recognition of their rights. It began as a direct result of conflict in the Hapsburg ruled Kingdom. -
John Locke
He was an English political philosopher. ( 1632-1704)He disputed monarchial claims to absolute authority by divine right. He argued in 1690 that governments were created to protect life, liberty, and poverty and that people had a right to rebel when a monarch violated these natural rights. -
Manchus Empire
Manchu Empire refers to : Qing Empire
A Manchu family headed the new "Qing Empire" and Manchu generals commanded the military forces. BUT the Manchu were very small portion of the population and one of several minority populations. Ethnic chinese, Qing soon adopted Chinese instructions and policies. -
Qing Dynasty
Qing from Manchuria guided China back to peace and prosperity-like the Manchu. The Qing carried out a series of policies to revive the social economy. It was one of last dynasties of China. -
England's Glorious Revolution
King James II refused to respect Parliaments rights and had his heir baptized a Roman Catholic, the leaders then forced James into exile in the bloodless Glorious Revolution. The Glorious Revolution was the English peoples revolt against the unreasonable demands of an unreasonable king. It was the revolution against James II and there was little armed resistance. -
Peter the Great
(1689-1725) The greatest of the rOMANOVS WAS tSAR, WHO MADE MAJOR CHANGES TO REDUCE rUSSIA'S ISOLATION AND INCREASE THE EMPIRES SIZE AND POWER. tSAR pETER IS REMEMBERED for his efforts to turn Russia away from its Asian cultural connections and toward what he deemed the civilization of the West. He banned the Jesuits from Russia, considering them a subversive and backward influence.
