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Cattle
Cattle consisted of mostly longhorns and were location merely in Texas. Cowboys derived from this life style which is an iconic representation of the southern life today. The cowboys would go on long treks also known as cattle drives where they would move a heard of cattle which ruined the environment. Soon beef or the meat of the cattle become a popular dish within american dinner tables. Cattle drives came to an end in 20 years later due to the creation of barbed wire and new railroads. -
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Transforming the West
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Union Pacific
A company that built the largest railroad system, over 32,100 miles and operates 8,500 locomotives west of Chicago and New Orleans. The company was part of the First Transcontinental Railroad project, or later known as Overland Route. Abraham Lincoln signed the charter that allowed for this company to create transportation tracks across half of the nation. The headquarter is in Omaha, Nebraska. Due to this, trading became easier and cheaper. -
The Homestead Act
On May 20, 1862 the homestead act was passed under the presidency of Abraham Lincoln. This act allowed anybody who was the head of the family to claim 160 acres of land to tend the land and farm. This was open to anyone older than 21 , both men and women, and were required to build a home on the property. Following 6 months after the acquirement of the 160, he or her had an option to buy out the land for a whopping $1.25. Though, this was a good deal, some still opted out of the frontier life. -
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Cornelius Vanderbilt was born on May 27, 1794, in Staten Island, New York from descendants of Dutch settlers who came to America in the mid-1600's. As a young child Vanderbilt worked closely with his father as they worked with ferries and steamboats which led him into the steamship and boat industry later on into his life. He then shifted his focus to the railroad industry in the 1860's which he acquired many railroad lines and soon took advantage and become one of the first monopolies. -
Monopolies
As the industrialization of the United States started to advance, businesses began to boom as there were little regulations and no rules. Many companies took advantage of this opportunity and economically escalated from the rest of the nation. The first few monopolies consisted of Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, and John Rockefeller with each person specializing in a different industry although the monopolies utilized the same strategies like horizontal and vertical integration. -
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Becoming an Industrial Power
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Laissez Faire
Laissez Fair is a French term which is known as an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs, and subsidies. This was used on the path for the United States to improve in industrialization. With no regulation nor any governmental interference, many big companies and private companies were able to make major profit in the market along with becoming a monopoly. -
George Armstrong Custer
George Custer was born on December 5, 1839. Custer spent a lot of his childhood with his younger siblings and went to normal school before entering the United States Military Academy. While attending West Point as a cadet, where Custer was ranked 34th, out of 34 graduates. During his time at the he was a trouble maker succeeding 726 demerits, but was still able to participate in the civil war. Custer then led his men in the Battle of Little Bighorn where him and his men were slaughtered. -
Battle of Little Big Horn
The battle of little big horn took exactly 2 days from June 25, to June 26, 1876. The US army consisting of 700 men led by general George Custer were to battle with the Native Americans. Custer and his men came to a halt as the Native forces were immensely larger than the Americans. This resulted in a victory for the Native Americans which was a significant event in the Great Sioux War of 1876. Following the defeat of Custer, media had portrayed Custer as a hero although he had made many errors. -
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The Gilded Age
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Killing of the Buffalo
The buffalo was a major source of life for the Native Americans in the plains. buffalo was a major source of food, their hide was a source of shelter and clothing and their bones were for tools and weapons. The American Indian valued buffalo highly and was a big deal to them. Later in the 19th century, Americans began killing the buffalo mainly for their hide and very little of their meat leaving the rest of the animal to rot. This began to be excessive almost leading to extinction. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
This act was passed and signed under the presidency by President Chester Arthur on May 6, 1882. This act was the first law implemented to prevent a specific ethnic group to enter the United States. This act prevented the immigration of Chinese laborers due to the mass amount of Chinese immigrants. This act was mostly for the Americans because people were losing their jobs and were overtaken due to the Chinese hard work for cheap. The act was then repealed by the on December 17, 1943. -
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Shows
This was created by William Fredrick Henry who had a show name as "Buffalo Bill." William F. Henry had a back ground of a scout and a buffalo hunter became a showman where he would showcase his shows in the Eastern U.S. The shows mostly dealt with a whole bunch of acts like the ghost dances of the Indian tribes, Indian fights, cowboys, lassoing and more. The shows consisted of actual Indians, marksman, and cowboys and was extremely popular in the east. This was an iconic symbol for the south. -
The Pendleton Act
This was an act passed on by Congress in 1883 shortly after garfield's deathwhich established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation. It also made it illegal to fire or demote government officials for political reasons and prohibited soliciting campaign donations on Federal government property. -
Tenements
With a large increase in migration to the United States, the US saw an increase in the population in the urban areas which led to the creation of tenements. This like in our society is the idea of building upwards to reduce surface area. These tenements consisted of multiple families in one tenement where they were to live in harsh conditions. In this setting, there was very little to poor lighting, bad ventilation, overload of diseases, and an exceptional rent price. -
Great Upheaval of 1886
This was a great strike consisting of over 200,000 railroad workers. This consisted of many people in different states gathering together in order to get what they desired. The strike was called due to a recent pay cut by 10% which the workers had enough, During this uprising, the strike became more renounced and known to the point where this was the nation's first major uprising, With so many people in this strike the police force which led to little but some casualties. -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was born on November 25, 1835, in Dunfermline, Scotland. At the age of 13, Carnegie moved to America in 1848 with his family to pursue the American dream.At a young age, Carnegie began his journey in the railroad industry where he worked under Thomas Scott and slowly worked up his way to superintendent. while working for the railroad industry, Carnegie began making many well-executed investments which led him to the steel industry. He became a monopoly and gave back to the poor. -
Dawes Severalty Act
The Dawes Severalty Act was also known as the General Allotment act or the Dawes Act of 1887 was passed off by Congress and signed on February 8, 1887 under the presidency of Grover Cleveland. This act was aided the assimilation of Native Americans which granted the Government the power to put the American Indians into allotments for individual Indians. Those who accepted the allotments and lived separately from their tribes were granted citizenship in the United States. -
Political Machines
During this time, many people were under a hierarchical system which consisted of a "boss".In these systems, many immigrants fell into the influences of the bosses to politically vote for a certain person. This ruined the political system because this allowed many people to gain votes just from a demand from a boss. Many cities that have been accused utilizing the political system like Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, New York, Kansas City, St. Louis, and many others were too. -
Machine Bosses
These were the names the head of the political system known as the political machine. These machines were created to favor the machine bosses. The machine bosses had control and authorization of the people voting in their system as well as gave advantages to certain politicians. These machine bosses target minority groups in order to gain full support towards their desired campaign. This system ruined the political system at the time and was a major flaw in the governmental system. -
Indian Appropriations Acts
The Indian Appropriations Acts was the name of several acts passed on in the 19th and early 20th century. The act pertaining to this era consists of the act passed in 1889. This act was signed under the the presidency of Grover Cleveland on March 2, 1889. This act took open Indian territory and opened unassigned lands for white settlers under the tenets of the homestead act. These lands were sold for extremely cheap and were taken easily from the Native Americans. -
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act
This was an act passed by Congress under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison in 1890. This was passed due to the trust system created by John Rockefeller in which he appointed 40 companies to the board of trustees. Their plan of the trusts was to turn stocks over for a guaranteed profit which aided monopolies to further carry out the value of the company. With the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, this banned the creation of trusts but monopolies ended up overcoming this act with a loophole. -
John Rockefeller
John D. Rockefeller was born on July 8, 1839, in Richford, New York under a family of a traveling salesman.His family then moved to Clevland where Rockefeller got introduced to businesses and made his first move into the oil industry. in 1865, Rockefeller bought our companies and began his climb to the top of the oil industry. He then became the leading distributor of oil by buying out his competition making him one of the wealthiest people at the time and died a philanthropist. -
Mail-Order Catalogs
With the mass industrialization and the modernization of the United States in this era, consumerism was is a big factor that put mail-order catalogs into effect. With many people living in rural areas desiring "city" goods, companies like Sears & Roebuck and Montgomery Ward took advantage of this opportunity and created a mail-order catalog. With this, these company sent out catalogs to rural areas where they can purchase goods they desired and would pick it up at the nearest train station. -
Work and Labor
With a major increase in the migration of immigrants into the United States, came with people interested and driven to get a job. Many immigrant groups began to work in the factories and big industries for a long period of time and for less labor cost. From this, many factories replaced skilled workers with plenty of unskilled workers. While these workers had a job the pay was not enough to sustain life, therefore kids began working, and in some cases led to a lot of mishaps and issues. -
Strikes
As industrialization became bigger in the United States, many populations from the rural areas began to relocate to urban areas to work in these factories. These factories and companies offered little pay as well as long harsh working hours. This infuriated many workers as they believed they deserved better pay. Often times, many workers would retaliate and plan a strike where they would not work and protest. Strikes were a way for workers to get a voice and speak up against big companies. -
Lifestyle
During this time of change and reformation, the gilded age offered many lifestyle changes. Women were given a louder voice which led to temperance movements, as well as a bicycle craze. With the great change in society, this also led to more leisure and free time as people could turn to fun activities instead of working long shifts and waking up to repeat the same thing. Some of the activities included sports, walks, music, sheet music, theatre, and opera. -
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Imperialism
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World's Colombian Exposition 1893
This was also known as the Chicago World's Fair and the Chicago Colombian Exposition which was held in Chicago on May 1, 1893. This was a fair in honor of Christopher Columbus's arrival to the new world 400 years ago at the time. The exposition was opened on May 1st and closed on October 30, 1893. This fair consisted of 46 countries participating which was one of the world's first fairs to have national pavilions. The fair consisted of over 600 acres and consisted of different architecture. -
Depression of 1893
This was a major economic depression that occurred on 1893 to 1897. This was also known as the panic of 1893. This was caused by the implementation of silver into the economy. With the inclusion of silver in the economy, the prices of products skyrocketed, while the value of the silver went down. This was also known as inflation which was a major reason for this economic depression. In attempts to switch back to gold, the depression became worst and finally came to an end in 1897. -
The Pullman Strike
This was a nationwide strike consisting of railroad workers on May 11, 1894. This strike happened in the events of George Pullman who laid off many workers, reduced labor wages and did not lower rent prices. From these events, workers called on a strike against these corporates which gained national attention. From this strike, the government intervened with the and the ARU (the American Railroad Union) shut down American railroads and later created a Us labor law. -
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Progressive Era
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William Mckinley
William Mckinley was born on January 29, 1843, in Niles, Ohio. Mckinley was the last president to have served in the United States Civil War. Mckinley began to join the political scene in which he was on the Republican side. He then won in favor of the Republican side for the election of 1996, where he beat his Democratic rival, William Jennings Bryan. Mckinley became the twenty-fifth president and only served one term as he supported the gold standard in attempts to economic reformation. -
Klondike Gold Rush
This was the rush for gold and a migration of 10,000 prospectors to the the Klondike region in north-western Canada. Gold was first discovered in this area by local miners where the news spread through Seattle and San Francisco. From the boom of interest many towns boomed from 500 people to around 30,000 people. Mining was challenging due to the ores being distributed in an uneven manner, and the slowing down of mining due to permafrost, which ended the rush when people ran out of interest. -
Election of 1896
This election was between the two major parties at the time the Democrats and the Republicans. On the Democratic side, led by William Jennings Bryan his campaign was for silver. This was where his ideology led to the 16:1 silver to gold ratio. On the Republican side had William Mckinley who supported gold. With both side equally gaining a lot of support, the election came to a 51% to 47% victory in favor of Mckinley. -
Spanish-American War Territorial Acquisition
During the Spanish-American war, the war was in multiple locations since America was substantially far from Spain. The first event that happened in the war was in Manila Bay which is located in the Philipeans. The US defeated Spain which led to the acquisition of the Phillipean territory. They next battled in Guam which the U.S acquired from U.S victory over Spain. Lastly, Hawaii was part of the territory acquired.The US used the war to annex Hawaii. -
Battle of San Juan Hill
The battle of San Juan Hill was also known as the battle of San Juan Heights happened on July 1, 1898. This was one of the bloodiest battles throughout the whole battle and was the depending battle for the victory of the war. During this battle, the United States rushed the hills for a height advantage in which the rough riders defeated the Spanish. The rough riders were led by Theodore Roosevelt who later became the Vice President then the 26th president. -
U.S.S. Maine Incident
On February 05, 1898, the U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor killing 268 men. The United States naval found the cause of the explosion to be from a submerged mine. Yellow journalism first brought up the incident and forced the reason upon Spain. This eventually led to the Spanish-American war where the United States battled a four-month war against Spain. Later on, researchers may have found the reason the U.S.S. Maine was due to the overheating of a control room located near explosives. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt was also known as "Teddy" was born on October 27, 1858, in New York City. Teddy was first seen publically in the politic field as he was the 25th Vice President, in cooperation with William Mckinley, the 25th president. He then became the 26th president serving two terms leaving his destiny for his best friend, William Howard Taft to become president. Teddy then ran again because Taft refused to implement the things Roosevelt wanted in place, which led to a win for Woodrow. -
Boxer Rebellion
Another name for it was the Boxer Uprising. The Boxer Rebellion was the popular peasant uprising in China that blamed foreign people and institutions for the loss of the traditional Chinese way of life. China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils" basically despised western intervention in China. Resulted in deaths of thousands of converted Chinese Christians, missionaries, and foreign legions and the rebellion was finally ended by British troops. -
Imperialist Era Technology
With the fast advancement of the nation becoming a more industrialized country, the United States would become more advanced to stay ahead of the other countries. At this time, the United States was getting involved with other countries like Spain and were locking down on border control. With this, the United States must maintain more upgraded utilities to surpass other countries. The united states invested in faster steel ships, relied on steam power, andelevated their communication. -
Women's Temperance Christian Union
In this era, women were beginning to speak up and were encouraged to speak out for what they believed in. Women in this society were allowed to work and become more than just housewives. Women at this time were champions of temperance which the Women's Temperance Christion Union was created. This group consisted of many women speaking up and arguing for the ban of alcohol. From this, the eighteenth and nineteenth amendment was passed banning alcohol and allowing women to vote. -
Frances Willard
Frances Willard was an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. Willard became the national president of Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in 1879 and remained president until her death in 1898. Her influence continued in the next decades, as the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution were adopted. Willard encouraged members to engage in a broad array of social reforms through petitioning, preaching, publishing, and education. -
Booker T. Washington
Booker T Washington was born into slavery on a plantation in Virginia. Freed by the emancipation proclamation, Booker T Washington began his journey towards civil equality. Booker T. Washington ideology behind civil equality was through vocational accomplishment. he believed in order for the colored people to become equal with the whites, they had to become economically equal instead of socially equal. He created the Tuskegee Institute which was a place for colored people to learn to work. -
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst was born on April 29, 1863, in San Francisco to a millionaire mining engineer and U.S senator. William Hearst later in life received a news article company in San Francisco from his father where he found success. He then founded the New York Journal which was extremely successful. This company was known for much of its yellow writing. After the sinking of the USS Maine, the NYJ released false articles on the event which led to the Spanish-American war. -
The Platt Amendment
This created a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress that replaced the earlier Teller amendment. This restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble. Cuba pledged not to make treaties with other countries that might compromise its independence, and it granted naval bases to the United States, most notable being Guantanamo Bay. This defined the conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops from Cuba at the end of the Spanish-American war -
Meat Inspection Act of 1906
This was an act passed by the government which intervened with the food industry. This act was passed due to the publishment of "the Jungle" written by Upton Sinclair. This book exposed harsh conditions immigrant families were put in as well as the reality of the food industry. The book revealed that many companies sold rotten meat, sold meat with severed fingers of workers, and contained rat feces. This called for a changed everyone wanted which led to this act which meat is regulated. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, in Greenfield Township, Michigan. Ford began his journey working under engines and steam engines understanding how they are built and assembled. He then went on his own to fund his own company known as Ford. He revolutionized the auto industry by reducing the costs of assembly lines and reduced the price for cars. One of Ford's greatest achievements was the model T. The model T was like today with the wheel on the left and an enclosed engine and was affordable. -
Muller vs. Oregon
This was a court case between Curt Muller and the State of Oregon. Curt Muller, the owner of a laundry was convicted of violating Oregon's labor law by enforcing a female employee to work more than ten hours in a workday. Muller then brought the case to the supreme court where the supreme court ruled that Curt Muller was in the wrong. The State won and fined Muller ten dollars. This began a controversial discussion as some women believed men and women were equal which means equal working hours. -
W.E.B. DuBois
William Edward Burghardt "W. E. B." DuBois was born on February 23, 1868, in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. William Edward Burghardt DuBois was an African American Civil rights advocate and became a major leading in this movement. DuBois was a smart man who graduated from Harvard. His ideology of civil equality was through merit and social equality. He believed if African Americans had elite professions they could become equal. DuBois created the NAACP created elite professions for the colors. -
The Big Stick Policy
The policy was created by Theodore Roosevelt who thought it was unnecessary to use force on foreign policy goal. He proposed a new foreign policy approach, that is based on the African quote, "speak softly, and carry a big stick, and you will go far.” The "big stick" in the quite symbolizes the power and readiness to use military force if necessary, which was a way to intimidate other countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy. -
Angel Island
The Angel Island is an island in the San Francisco Bay, which is the main immigration processing station, mostly for the Chinese. Between the years of1910 and 1940, 50 thousand Chinese immigrants entered through Angel Island. The island had lots of questioning and, the conditions at Angel Island were much harsher than Ellis Island in New York because Angel Island was more of a prison, that held people for up to several years for interrogation, while most went through Ellis Island in a few hours. -
Election of 1912
This was the election following the second term of the 26th president Theodore Roosevelt. There were three main parties in the running for the president spot. Representing the democratic party was Wilson Woodrow, on the Republic party consisted of William Howard Taft, and the last party which was the progressive party also known as the Bull Moose Party represented by Theodore Roosevelt. The election ended up in favor of Woodrow due to the split votes between the Republican and Bull Moose Party. -
The Central Powers
This was an alliance created following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. This alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman empire. The central powers came to be when Germany allied with Austria-Hungary following the assassination of their Archduke. This allianced pushed for an invasion of Bosnia which eventually led to the allied powers who were all in cooperation with Bosnia. This alliance came up with the Schlieffen plan which created the two front war. -
Allied Powers
Following the alliance of the central powers consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Austria-Hungary declared war on Bosnia which resulted in alliances. The allied powers consisted of Great Britain, France, Serbia, Russia, Japan, Bosnia, and many other nations. The creation of the allied powers resulted in WWI shortly after the declaration of war of Germany on Russia. -
Neutral United States
The main goal for the United States in this era was to remain neutral and stay away from foreign complication. The United States claimed as a neutral country so they did not engage in the battle yet. There was a blockade in the oceans which affected United States's trade. U-boats or submarines affect the American merchant ships as well but agreed to not target passenger ships. Later the sinking of RMS Lusitania sank by Germans angered Americans which caused tension during the war. -
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WWI
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Mexican-American Tensions
During the WWI, United States were to remain a neutral territory and were to stay out of foreign complication. It first started with tension growing between Mexico and the United States and the heroic actions of Pancho Villa. This led to the planning of war by President Wilson. The Zimmerman Telegram made matters worst as the British intecepted a message to mexico threatening the land of the United States which then led the united States to join in on the war. -
Industry During WWI
During this era of the WWI where America has entered the war, America was in need of industrial workers. This was due to the fact that most men young to old had gone to war. The men working in the factories and industries were replaced by women. These women at the time had to work because men were not home to make the money as well as there were no men in the factories to work. This job drought also led to the great migration which blacks moved to the north to work. They manufacture war needs. -
President Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born on December 28, 1865, in Virginia. He was a member and supporter of the democratic party. He served as the President of Princeton University, New Jersey Governor, and finally became the 28th president after winning the election of 1912. He was the president at the time of WWI and brought the United States into war after a chain of events. Wilson favored the 14 points which favored the United States to act freely as well as championed the League of Nations. -
Trench Warfare
During the time of World War I, technological advancements and change in war tactics began to change warfare. This warfare was caused by the creation of machine guns, mustard gas, and airplanes. These factors created the tranches which were dug up bases protected by barbed wires. These trenches kept soldiers from being shot down by heavy machine guns as well as hid soldiers from airplanes. From this war tactic people, both sides did not in more than 20 miles. Trench warfare was ended by tanks. -
Espionage Act
This act was passed on by Congress on June 15, 1917, during WWI under the presidency of Wilson Woodrow. It was intended to prohibit interference with military operations or recruitment, to prevent insubordination in the military, and to prevent the support of United States enemies during wartime.This declared any obstruction of military recruitment to be a crime, encouraging mutiny was a crime and spreading false rumors of the war was a crime as well. -
Henry Cabot Lodge
Lodge was an American Republican Congressman and historian and received his degree from Harvard University. He was the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations because he wanted to protect the sovereignty of the United States. He opposed the Treaty of Versailles and did not like the idea of commitments that would affect the American freedom. He notices the League of Nations would change American imperialism. -
Fall of the Ottoman Empire
The armistice of 31 October 1918 ended the fighting between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies but did not bring stability or peace to the region. The British were in control of Syria, Palestine, and Mesopotamia, and British, French and Greek forces stood ready to march across the Bulgarian border and occupy Ottoman Thrace and Constantinople. This led to the governmental shutdown of the empire and eventually led to the breaking down of this nation. The borders were then redrawn to today's map. -
Treaty of Versailles
This treaty was signed on June 28, 1919, in Versailles, France. This was the notorious treaty known to end World War I or the Great War. This was generally a signed treaty between Germany and the Allied Powers. This was from the result of the armistice called by the Germans 6 months prior to the actual signing of this treaty. This treaty came from the Paris Peace Conference which was kept a secret from Germany. Germany was the blame from WWI, forced reparations upon, and gave up colonies. -
Car Owner Ship
During the 1920's America has progressed as well as the modernization in this era. After the success of Ford's assembly line, many people were able to buy cars. This was made possible by the credit people can use to buy the cars. These cars were cleaner than horses and posed less pollution at the time compared to other cars. From the exponential growth of cars around the whole nation, roads began to be built which led to new businesses and a more modern nation. -
The 19th Amendment
The amendment from the U.S Constitution extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. In other words, established that no citizen can be denied the right to vote on account of sex. The amendment states "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation." It was ratified after a long women's suffrage movement. -
1920's Leisure
Following World War I, big businesses got back to the usual and strikers were seen as communists. Large companies and businesses were more lenient towards their workers and gave more benefits to their workers they were given sick leaves, pensions, stock ownership, insurance, and paid vacations. This led to more leisure time as Americans had more time off of work. These people spent their time buying luxury goods, cars, and just enjoyed life more overall with extra time. -
First Red Scare
The First Red Scare was a period during the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism, due to real and imagined events; real events included those such as the Russian Revolution and anarchist bombings. Americans were more fearful than ever following World War I. This resulted in a mass paranoia as well as the fear of communism. This led to the restrictions of immigrants and eventually led to the Immigration Act of 1924. -
18th Amendment
The Eighteenth Amendment was passed in 1917, ratified in 1919, and went into effect in 1920. It outlawed the manufacture, sale, an transportation of intoxicating liquor, this was known as Prohibition. Prohibition was difficult to enforce and the banning of alcohol failed to have the intended effect of eliminating crime and other social problems. It actually did the opposite, it led to the rise of organized crime because the bootlegging of alcohol became a more profitable operation. -
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The 1920's
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Teapot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome Scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1921 to 1922, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall had leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming and two other locations in California to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding. Fall was later convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies and became the first Cabinet member to go to prison. -
Ku Klux Klan
Following World War I and the First Red Scare, the nation was paranoid and were in fear. Many people began riding the wave of the fear of suffrage, prohibition, and immigration. This was initially suppressed by the government. This then led to millions of members in the join in the klan as whites were irritated by the mass migration of the blacks from the great migration. The Ku Klux Klan reached millions of members and conducted burnings and lynchings which some members disapproved. -
Marcus Garvey
Marcus Garvey was born on August 17, 1887, and was a Jamaican immigrant. He was a black civil rights enthusiasts who were empowered and had similar ideologies to Booker T. Washington. He was a militant and was formal and always dressed in military regalia. He created the Universal Negro Improvement Association which he planned to buy land in Africa for black people around the world. He was then convicted of mail fraud in 1923 which led to the collapse of the UNIA. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school.Scopes was found guilty and fined $ 100. The trial served its purpose of drawing national publicity, as national reporters fled to Dayton. -
Charles Lindbergh
Charles Augustus Lindbergh was born on February 4, 1902, in Detroit Michigan. He was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and an environmental activist. Charles Lindbergh was best known as the first man to fly across the Atlantic without stopping, radar and radio. He traveled from New York City to Paris in 33.5 hours traveling a total of 3610 miles. This was known as the spirit of St. Louis. This promoted commercial air travel which led to more planes. -
Herbert Hoover
Born in 1874 in Iowa, Herbert Hoover served as the thirty-first President of the United States during the beginnings of the Great Depression. In the minds of the American people, Hoover was to blame for the depression. Hoover failed to recognize the severity of the situation or leverage the power of the federal government to squarely address it. He was widely viewed as callous and insensitive toward the suffering of Americans. During the Election of 1932, Hoover was replaced by FDR. :) -
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The Great Depression
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The Dust Bowl
This was a bad time for agriculture and southern life in general. This was a common occurrence in the 1930's-1940's from a drastic drought and poor farming. The wind picked up topsoil from farms and created large clouds of dust. These dust storms blanketed major cities in dust forcing families to stay indoors. This storm also made agriculture and farming impossible as cattle and livestock would die. This also led to a large migration of 400,00 civilians to flee to California. -
Election of 1932
The Presidential Election of 1932 was ran between Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt. While Hoover ran for his second term as a republican, Roosevelt ran for the first time as a democrat. This election took place as effects of the Great Depression were being felt across the United States. Hoover's popularity among voters fell as they felt that he would be unable to reverse the effect of the depression. Roosevelt won the election overwhelmingly, becoming the 32nd President of the U.S. -
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born in 1882 in Hyde Park, New York. He was a governor of New York and was later elected as the 32nd President of the United States. When he became president when the economy was in the middle of the Great Depression. He is known as the 1st modern president and would have “fireside chats” through the radio with Americans, speaking to them directly over the state of the economy. He was related to Theodore Roosevelt. He also hid his disease to keep America strong. -
Father Charles Coughlin
Father Charles E. Coughlin was born on October 25, 1891 in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He was a clergyman and politician who supported Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Election of 1932. In 1930 Coughlin experimented with the new medium of radio, broadcasting sermons and talks to children in 1930. He was known as a U.S. Roman Catholic “radio priest” who developed one of the first loyal mass audiences in radio broadcast history in 1930. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt was the 32nd first lady of the United States and was the right-hand man of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. after a scandal, she kept quiet for FDR. She was also one of the most active first ladies in history and worked for political, racial and social justice. After President Roosevelt’s death, Eleanor was a delegate to the United Nations and continued to serve as an advocate for a wide range of human rights issues. Eleanor Roosevelt was an icon and role model for all women. -
21st Amendment
The 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified on December 5, 1933. It repealed the 18th amendment and brought an end to the era of national prohibition of alcohol in America. This amendment was passed because of the failure of Prohibition. After the repeal of the 18th Amendment, some states continued Prohibition by maintaining statewide temperance laws. To this day, the amendment is still in place and the legal age to purchase alcohol is 21 years old. -
20th Amendment
The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president and congress from March to January. This amendment was known as the "Lame Duck Amendment" because a lame duck is an official who continues to hold office after not being re-elected. Before the 20th Amendment, a newly elected congress person did not take office for four months after being elected. -
Great Depression of Germany
This first began when America began their great depression. The great depression became a worldwide epidemic. Germans unlike the British were not dependent on foreign imports instead relied on American loans. The day known as black Thursday greatly inflated the currency which caused the rapid selling of stock dropping the value. Germany then greatly raised in unemployment rates and many large German companies closed which cause a staggering effect on Germany's economy. -
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, in Austria-Hungary. Hitler was a German politician who was also the leader of the Nazi Party and Chancellor of Germany. Hitler came to power after gaining support for attacking the Treaty of Versailles. He was then voted to become the new Chancellor of Germany and became a dictator. He initiated World War II with an invasion of Poland and was most known for the holocaust which was aimed at Jews. -
Social Security Act
This was an act signed under the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt on August 14, 1835. The social security act put into place in a series of new deals by FDR. This act or law allowed an income for the retired elderly or the disabled. WIthout the implementation of this act, retired elderly unable to work would end up homeless from the lack of income. FDR signed this act in order to prevent this issue as well as put America back to work during the great depression. -
Huey Long
Huey Long nicknamed "the King Fish" was born on August 30, 1893. Huey Long was an American politician who served as the 40th governor of Lousiana and was a member of the United States Senate. He was a socialist and was an extreme leftist. His campaign was to make every man a king where no one was allowed to have more than 1 million dollars, guaranteed income, and other socialist ideas. Huey Long was one of the only people who posed a threat to FDR in office, but was assassinated. -
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WWII
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Joseph Stalin
Born in 1878, Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the USSR, or the Soviet Union. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. He ruled by terror and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign. Stalin aligned with the United States and Britain in WWII but later engaged in an increasingly tense relationship with the West known as the Cold War. He ruled over the Soviet Union from 1929 until his death in 1953. -
Axis Powers
The Axis powers consisted of three main nations, Germany, Italy and Japan. These three countries recognized German domination over most of continental Europe; Italian domination over the Mediterranean Sea; and Japanese domination over East Asia and the Pacific. With the formation of this alliance, they sought territorial expansion and foundation of empires based on military conquest and the overthrow of the post-World War I international order and destruction of the Soviet Union. -
Auschwitz
Also known as Auschwitz-Birkenau, Auschwitz opened in 1940 and was the largest of the Nazi concentration and death camps. It is located in southern Poland and initially served as a detention center for political prisoners. It later evolved into a network of camps where Jewish people and other members of persecuted groups were killed, often in gas chambers, or used as slave labor. Some prisoners were also used in medical experiments. More than 1 million people died in Auschwitz throughout WWII. -
Attack of Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor was a U.S. Naval base near Honolulu Hawaii, which was a horrid scene for the petrifying surprise of the Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. On that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes flew around where they managed to destroy or damage nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight enormous battleships, and over 300 airplanes. More than 2,400 Americans died in the attack, including civilians, and another 1,000 people were wounded.On this day, the war was sought. -
The Holocaust
The Holocaust was assocated with the mass murder of some 6 million European Jews and members of other persecuted groups, such as gypsies and homosexuals, by the German Nazi regime throughout the second World War. To many Germans, Jews were an inferior race, an alien threat to German racial purity and community. Jews were sent to concentration camps, such as Auschwitz, all over Europe. The first mass killings of jews in concentrations camps began in 1942. -
The Little Boy Bomb
The "little boy" was a codename for the atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima by the United States Army Air Forces. This was the first atomic bomb used in warfare. In the Hiroshima bombing, the little boy was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history after the Trinity test. The little boy exploded with 15 kilotons of TNT. This bomb had 64 kilograms of uranium-235 filling, weighed nearly 5 tons and was 10 feet long. -
The Soviet Union
The Soviet Union was also known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a country (Russia) led by the Joseph Stalin. The Soviet Union participated in the World War II as they took on the side of the Allied Powers. The allied powers included the allied powers of World War I and many new countries. The Soviet Union were hated and were a common target for the Axis Powers. The Soviet Union and Germany engaged in a deadly battle as Germany forced the deadliest dual military dual in history. -
Fat Man Bomb
This was the codename for the second bomb used in the Japanese city of Nagasaki by the United States on August 9, 1945. It was the second of the two only nuclear weapons used in warfare. It was designed and built in Los Alamos Lab using plutonium. The fat man was also known as Mark III. The fat man refers to the name due to the design of the bomb with its round and wide shape. This bomb weighed in at 10,300 pounds, 128 inches long, and 60 inches wide with a 21 kiloton blast radius.
