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G.I. Bill
Offers WW11 vets low interest rates on houses, college tuition paid, business loans. It still around today. The G.I. Bill most important factor is the college part. Roosevelt signed this to pass. -
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The Cold War
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Period: to
The 1950s
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Iron Curtain
Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet- dominated East and the US- dominated West. Growing East- West divide in postwar Europe between communist and democratic nations. Communist means of production, economic decisions are made by central government. -
2nd Red Scare
American thought we were losing the Cold War. Campaign spreading fear of their influence on American institutions and of espionage by Soviet agents. Joseph McCarthy was a Wisconsin Senator. He claimed he had a list of communists. He attacked Democrats, celebrities,government officials. The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was created to catch Nazi spies. They investigate Americans for communist sympathies especially Hollywood celebrities. -
Gerald Ford’s Presidency
Gerald Ford was a modest person. He was in the Warren Commission which deals with Kennedy's death. He pardon Nixon which added to distrust people have/had for Government. Thought pardoning would help get over Watergate. -
Truman Doctrine
President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey. Helps countries fight communism. -
Marshall Plan
A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion dollars in aid to Western and Southern Europe. George Marshall had made this happen. President Harry Truman signed it to aid 16 European nations. -
Berlin Airlift
Airlift that supplied food and fuel to citizens of West Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin. Stalin was upset because didn't like capitalism in Germany. It seals off border. Wanted West to quit Berlin. Berlin divided into 4 military zones. -
Fair Deal
Truman adds to the New Deal. He added healthcare, public housing, education and public works, minimum wage, electricity and telephones. It scales back because of Korea. He created the Housing Act of 1949 and Social Security Act of 1950. -
Rock n Roll
Rock n Roll was a popular music that evolved all around the United States of America. Rock n Roll was a term for having sex for teenagers. Many parents were upset about this type of music. Elvis Presley was the most noted Rock n Roll artist. -
Television
75% of black and white Tv (1955). There was new entertainment and new tools for the TV."I love Lucy" and "Father knows Best", these Tv shows represent ideal families and obedience and hard work. Politician used Tv's power like Kennedy. Kennedy and Nixon had a debate on the television. Kennedy made sure he was looking good and dressed right. However, Nixon didn't. -
Korean War (The Forgotten War)
The Korean War begin because of Communist North Korea invaded South Korea (capitalism) across the 38th parallel. Korean is divided because Japan acquired Korea as part of the settlement in Russo-Japanese War. Truman believed like many that it was wrong and should not be allowed to happen because so many boy/ soldiers were dying. Americans didn't like the war because they're being killed on the field. American believed they were going to win because they always win before. -
Earl Warren Supreme Court
Chief Justice Earl Warren was the most liberal SCOTUS in history. Conservative tenements shot down. For instance, the Engle v. Vitale is taking prayer out of school. Baker v. Carr is one person, one vote. Gideon v. Wainwright is courts provide legal counsling to those who cannot afford it. Escobedo v. Illinois is accused person has the right to a lawyer at all time of arrest. Last but not least, Miranda v. Arizona is accused person is informed of rights upon arrest. -
Brown v Board of Education
Supreme Court decision that overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision (1896). It was led by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the court ruled that 'separate but equal' schools for blacks were inherently unequal and unconstitutional. Thurgood Marshall was an NAACP. He used psychological evidence to prove black children want to be white and think blacks are bad. -
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Civil Rights
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Emmett Till
He had traveled to Money, Mississippi. Visiting from Chicago. He knew how it was down South but he never experience it. He supposedly accepted a challenge and ask out a white lady (Carolyn Bryant). Supposedly said 'how about a date, baby?. 4 days later, Emmet was abducted and driven away to nearby shed and they beaten him then killed him.Police found him and returned back home for a funeral. The mother made sure everyone knew about what happened to him. -
Vietnam War
The Domino Theory was communism making territorial and psychological victories all around the world. The Domino Theory is a political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control. Ho Chi Minh was a communist leader of North Vietnam. He used guerrilla warfare to fight anti-communist. American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
4 months after Till's death. Rosa Parks had board the back of the bus. A white man demanded her seat, she refused. Jo Ann Robinson began word of a boycott. Th boycott was so successful. It will continue until something happen. Bus company ready to go out of business. Farmer Riders start to carpool. Targeted with bombs and attacks.Bus lasted a year. SCOTUS ruled segregated buses unconstitutional. Blacks riders could sit anywhere on the bus. Encourage to ride, they still fear of violence. -
The Space Race
The battle between the US and Soviets to be the 'best' in exploring space. Nikita Khrushchev was a new Soviet premier in 1952. Overtures of peace and prosperity was a lie. Secretly build military and space technology. Spunik was the first orbiting satellite. It falls in 1957. It was the size of a basketball. Americans fearful of failing technologically behind. -
The Race To Space/Moon
It was a battle of the two countries (US and Soviet Union). The Space Race showed the world which country had the best science, technology.. On October 4, 1957 the Russians placed the first successful satellite into orbit. It was called Sputnik I.The Americans were disappointed that Soviet was the first ones to put something in space. The Soviet again won the race for the first man into space.On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong stepped outside and became the first man to walk on the Moon -
Little Rock 9
Whites resist integretion. Segregationists resist Brown v Board of Education. Half-way measures by moderates like buses, libraries and parks. Central High School was slowly intergrate and fears of intermingling. Governor Orval Faubus was running for re-election -
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The Vietnam War
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Beat Generation
Jack Kerouac gave the Beat Generation their name because he felt like they was getting beat down by traditionalism. The Beat Generation was a group of American who believe in drugs and sex. -
Sit-ins
Sit-ins were non- violence goes from schools to other public places. African Americans want whites to see struggles. They go to eating places and demand food (nicely) in the white area. In Greensboro, North Carolina, was the first sit-in. Movement started across the nation. College students went to white lunch counters and sat in the white only seats. This hurt white businesses. Protesters thrown from seat and were beaten. -
Malcolm X
Converts to Islam after spend 6 years in prison. Joins Nation of Islam and he thought islam was for only black people. His name was Malcolm Little then he changed it to Malcolm X because honored lost names of African American and natural orator. Black militancy for self defense. Heard by northern blacks. Different goals from southern blacks. Disagreed with non-violence strategy. Didn't let whites help. -
New Frontier
He campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights. He raised minimum wage, cut businesses taxes (90%), wanted to land a man on the moon. -
Counter Culture
A movement which consisted of mostly college students who became disillusioned with the war and injustices in America in the 1960s. They tried to establish new society based on peace and love. The Beatles was a rock band from England who after performing on Ed Sullivan's television show had an impact on the civil rights and peace movements. -
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
Control of much oil today. U.S embargoed for supporting Israel like long lines for gas and speed limits dropped to 55mph. Nixon convinces Israelis gives up some territory (embargo ends). -
Sam Walton’s Just-in-Time Inventory
Discount retaining it began in 1960 like K-mart, Home Depot, Best Buy. Sam Walton (Wal-Mart) created a chain of stores. Large variety of products at low prices. Just-in-time inventory and products arrive at precise time needed. Computers track investory. No large in-house stock. -
Discount Retailing
Discount retailing began in 1960. K-mart, Home Depot, Best Buy. Sam Walton started walmart. created a chain of stores. large variety of products at low prices. just-in-time inventory: products arrive at precise time needed. computers track investory. No large in-house stock. -
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The 1960s
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Polio Vaccine
Dr. Jonas Salk had developed a vaccine for polio. The vaccine deactivated virus. Oral vaccine available in 1961. Polio mostly eradicated from the US and world by 1944. -
Peace Corps
The Peace Corps was a program in which the assistance of U.S. volunteers is offered to the developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It was founded by Kennedy. Young college graduates working in poor countries. The agenda was that largely unaccomplished and conservatives didn't like liberal agenda. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Soviet Union put nuclear missiles in Cuba that could hit the United States. The Soviet Union refused to remove them, and there was almost a war. The FBI wanted to armed the missiles (Kennedy didn't know). Kennedy orders naval quarantine of Cuba. Good Kennedy didn't want to invade. It could led to WW3. Kennedy took the whole blame when though it was the FBI. Kennedy biggest mistake. -
Birmingham March
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was a MLK's Civil Rights organization.The organization used media to broadcast brutalities . Sit-ins to shut down businesses. MLK was arrested and he went to jail. In jail, MLK wrote a letter to continue the policy of non-violence. Many black teens wanted tp volunteer to march. Police used fire hoses and dogs to stop the march. North saw this and they were outraged with how the South really was. Birmingham desegregated all public facilities. -
March on Washington
civil rights leaders organized a massive rally in Washington to urge passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. The high point came when MLK Jr., gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to more than 200,000 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial. Many people watched live around the world. Needed to be equal to fight the Cold War -
Birmingham Bombing
Bomb hurled the inside of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham. There were 4 girls in there studying the bible learning about God. They were killed in the fire. The KKK was responsible for the death of the girls. The KKK were upset about the MLK's March. Men responsible never put on trial until after 2000's. Some of them are still in jail and some died in jail. -
Assassination of JFK
Kennedy wanted to get re-election of 1964. Campaigning for re-election. Southern Democrats upsets over Civil Rights. Kennedy decided to have a fundraiser in Houston, San Antonio, Austin, and Dallas. Everybody came to Dallas to see Kennedy. He rode in an open-air car. He wanted everyone to see him. He was killed by Lee Harvey Oswald -
Ascendency of Lyndon Johnson
Lyndon Johnson was a democrat. Continued legacy of Kennedy and New Deal. Barry Goldwater was a Republican. Barry was a senator, very conservative, and he wanted to get rid of he New Deal and Great Society. Lyndon Johnson used the Daisy Girl Tv Ad to scare people to vote for Goldwater because he wanted to use the nuclear weapons knowing there was gonna be a nuclear war. Lyndon Johnson won the election. -
Great Society
President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. It promised education, good standard of living and beautification. It also went beyond the New Deal. -
Death of MLK
Traveled to Memphis, Tennessee for a speech at a church. Lorraine Motel (frequent customer). Shot talking to someone from the balcony. James Earl Ray was the gunman. MLK was rushed to the hospital and he died there. -
Warren Burger Supreme Court
Nixon appoints conservative justices. He wanted to scale back desegregation. Busing policies (early-mid 1970s). White kids bused across town. In Boston, riots and demonstrations against busing. SCOTUS over-tuned forces busing and white accelerate sub-urbanization. Whites accelerate sub-urbanization. Got away from further integregation. Inner city schools becomes mostly minority by mid to late 1900s. -
Silent Majority’s involvement in politics
The silent majority is an unspecified large group of people in a country or group who do not express their opinions. In this usage it referred to those Americans who did not join in the large demonstrations against the Vietnam War at the time, who did not join in the counterculture, and who did not participate in public discourse. Nixon along with many others saw this group of Middle Americans as being overshadowed in the media by the more vocal minority. -
Period: to
1970s
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Nixon’s Presidency
Nixon distances himself from watergate. Crushes George McGovern in election. Rumors of the White House paying to keep "plumber" quiet. Revealed Nixon used taping systems. He wanted it for tapes for future presidential book. Senate and Justice Department launch investigations into Nixon and they demanded the tapes. Nixon refused (executive privilege). Nixon asks Attorney General to fire head of Justice Department. Court ordered for tapes appears. Nixon resigned before he was fired -
Heritage Foundation
Promoted conservative policies like free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, family value, strong national defense. Non-profit lobbying group. -
Beginnings of the Personal Computer
US shifts to technology. Computers and other electroics revolutionize industry. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak had made Apple 1 Computer. Bill Gates had made the new cheap operating system for personal computers (Window). -
Jimmy Carter’s Presidency
Bad economy, hostage crisis brings him down, failed rescue of hostages. -
The Moral Majority
The Moral Majority was development of Protestant fundamentalism, they became energized about politics and social actions. It was founded by Jerry Falwell. He was a evangelical preacher. He supported polite, pro-family, pro-american, pro-morality. New religious movement. Falwell, Pat Robertson, Oral Roberts. Form converatives political bloc (late 70s and 80s). -
The New Right
Collection of different conservative groups like business, religion, former Democrats, and Neoconservatives. Angry over liberal policies and welfare and busing. Wanted smaller government, industrial jobs back. South starts voting Republican. -
Election of 1980
Ronald Reagan was a Republican. Former Governor of California. Former actor in 40s and 50s. United Conservative Coalition behind him. -
Entertainment
Cable Tv like CNN, ESPN, MTV. Robert Johnson was the 1st black billionaire, founded BET. Rap music became popular. Video games and video arcades. VHS players. -
Persian Gulf War / 1st Iraq War
Fight Iran in 1980s. US and Arab nations end iraq billions. Saddam Hussein (iraq leader). Blames Kuwait for cheap oil and hurt iraq. Invades Kuwait. Refuses to forgive debt and claimed Kuwait historucally part of iraq -
Period: to
1980s
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A.I.D.S Crisis
diagnosed in US in 1981; didn't receive much attention as perceived as a gay mans disease; Falwell said men getting what they deserve; over 32,000 died in a 7 yr period -
Sandra Day O’Connor
First female supreme court justice. Reagan had nominated her. She was a moderate person. Sided with conservative of the court. Sides with liberal later on. Retires in 2006 due to her husband's delining health (Alzheimer's) -
Space Shuttle Program
1st space shuttle (columbia) launched in April 1981. Sally Ride- First American woman in space. NASA was created for an act to provide research into the problems of flight with and outside the Earth's atmosphere. -
Reagan Presidency
Ayatollah Khomeini, Spities Carter. Realeases American hostages after Reagan sworn in. Americans go on spending sprees like new cars, VCRS, color Tv, microwaves. Reagan's hands off approach. Presidential cabinet. -
Climate Change findings come out
A change in temperature, precipitation, or wind of a region, lasting for an extended period of a decade or longer. -
Period: to
1990s
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Rodney King Incident
A portion of this footage was aired by news agencies around the world, causing public outrage that raised tensions between the black community and the LAPD and increased anger over police brutality and social inequalities in Los Angeles.
Four LAPD officers were later tried in a state court for the beating; three were acquitted and the jury failed to reach a verdict for the fourth. The announcement of the acquittals sparked the 1992 Los Angeles riots. -
Election of 1992
William "Bill" Jefferson clinton (democrat). Governor of Arkansas for an unknown. George HW Bush was a republican. He is incumbent. Clinton won 43% of the vote. Perot took votes away from British -
Bill Clinton Presidency
Clinton wants longtime liberal goals of nationalized healthcare.It was almost 100 year goal. Give task to Hilary Rodham Clinton. Republicans put out media blitz. Called it socialized medicine. Healthcare reform fails until 2009. The Lewinski Affair was that Clinton was having an affair with White House intern. (Monica Lewinski). Kenneth Star (prosecutor) hears about the affair from female servant. Monica tells civil servant in confidence. -
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Encompasses Mexico, US, Canada. Knocks down trade barriers. Rules put in peace for several industries like ag an technology. Americans lose many jobs from NAFTA. Stopped Mexican knock-off products. -
Technology
Personal Computers become affordable for millions in the 1990s. Computer industry florishes becomes very lucrative. The internet started on the military bases in 1960s to exchange data. Supercomputers allow communication on college campuses. In ten of millions homes by late 1990, people have computers. It changes in business and lifestyle like no need to travel long distance for meeting, money transferred or deposited electronically. E-mails become common price. USPS begin to lose money. -
Entertainment
Oprah Winfrey creates well-known talk show. That issues and trends of the day. She became the most Richest Black woman on Earth. She even supported Obama in 2008. Lionel Sosa was a Hispanic advertising mogul. He created famous ads for big corporations even the presidential campaign. -
Election of 2000
The United States presidential election of 2000 was a contest between Republican candidate George W. Bush, then-governor of Texas and son of former president George H. W. Bush and Democratic candidate Al Gore, then-Vice President. -
George W. Bush Presidency
September 11,2001 was a terrible event. 19 al-qaeda hijackers boarded 4 planes. The 4 planes turn course and 2 hit world tarde center buildings. The other 1 hit the pentagon because they couldn't find the white house. 4th plane passengers team of attacks subdue terrorists and nosedrive into a field. 2,973 die in the attack. the war in afghanistan, us demands turn over al-qaeda territists -
Immigration upticks from Asia and Latin America
legal changes in the Immigration Act of 1965 removed the old national origin quotas and allowed in more non-Europeans, including Latin Americans and Asians. The growing number of legal Mexican immigrants began to sponsor their relatives. Mexican immigration in the 1950s was about 300,000 that decade, roughly five times greater than during the 1940s. It increased again to 441,824 in the 1960s. Much of that was driven by family migration. -
Period: to
Contemporary
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Election of 2008
Running for president was Obama and McCain. A campaign that lasted nearly two years, Americans elected Illinois senator Barack Obama their 44th president. He was the first African American president. -
Obama Presidency
Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign was lauded for its embrace of digital tools, as it accomplished unprecendented levels of community engagement from a national politician.The result was historic, as Obama, a first-term U.S. senator, became, when he was inaugurated on January 20, 2009. He created affordable care act called the obama care. Obama get passed reforms for private health insurance that make sure everyone have it
