cramer jeremiah martin renaissance

Johannes Gutenbegh invents the printing press

Mar 4, 1436

The Gutenberg press with its wooden and later metal movable type printing brought down the price of printed materials and made such materials available for the masses. It remained the standard until the 20th century.

The birth of Leonardo da Vinci

Mar 4, 1452

Though illegitimate, Leonardo was taken in and raised by his father. A child of unearthly beauty, Leonardo showed precocious genius in math, music and art.

The birth of Michelangelo

Mar 4, 1475

Young Michelangelo, motherless by the age of six, fought long and hard with his father for permission to apprentice as an artist. At the age of 12, he began studying under Domenico Ghirlandajo, who was the most fashionable painter in Florence at the time.

Machiavelli writes The Prince

Mar 4, 1513

Machiavelli’s The Prince has been incredibly influential since it was published 5 years after his death in 1532.It was written during the European Renaissance when intellect and the discussion of new ideas was a widespread them of the era.

Thomas More publishes Utopia

Mar 4, 1516

Utopia contrasts the contentious social life of European states with the perfectly orderly, reasonable social arrangements of Utopia and its environs (Tallstoria, Nolandia, and Aircastle). In Utopia, with communal ownership of land, private property does not exist, men and women are educated alike, and there is almost complete religious toleration.

Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses

Mar 4, 1517

Sometime during October 31, 1517, the day before the Feast of All Saints, the 33-year-old Martin Luther posted theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. The door functioned as a bulletin board for various announcements related to academic and church affairs.

Martin Luther is excommunicated from the church

Jan 3, 1521

Karl von Miltitz, a papal nuncio, attempted to broker a solution, but Luther, who had sent the Pope a copy of On the Freedom of a Christian in October, publicly set fire to the bull and decretals at Wittenberg on 10 December 1520,[55] an act he defended in Why the Pope and his Recent Book are Burned and Assertions Concerning All Articles. As a consequence, Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X on 3 January 1521, in the bull Decet Romanum Pontificem.

John Calvin moves to the city of Geneva and establishes a theocracy

Mar 7, 1538

The mild reformers were called the Libertines and they wanted magistrates firmly in control of the clergy. Calvin wanted a city controlled by the clergy - a theocracy. In 1538, the Libertines won the day and Farel and Calvin fled the city and went to Strasbourg.

The Jesuits are founded by Ignatius de Loyola

Sep 27, 1540

The first Jesuits--Ignatius and six of his students--took vows of poverty and chastity and made plans to work for the conversion of Muslims. If travel to the Holy Land was not possible, they vowed to offer themselves to the pope for apostolic work. Unable to travel to Jerusalem because of the Turkish wars, they went to Rome instead to meet with the pope and request permission to form a new religious order.

The Council of Trent begins

Mar 7, 1545

The Council of Trent, "in session off and on for eighteen years from 1545 to 1563, was one of the most important councils in the history of the Roman Catholic Church". The Council made many decisions for the church during its years in session in an effort to establish the traditions and doctrines of the church, as well as to correct the corruption within it.