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Robert Bakewell
Increased mutton output by allowing only his best sheep to breed. -
Flying Shuttle
Invented by John Kay -
Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham introduced this philosophy. Argued through his works which were published in the late 1700s. He argued that people should judge ideas, institutions and actions on the basis of their utility and usefulness. -
Spinning Jenny
Invented by James Hargreave. -
Adam Smith
Wrote the book, The Wealth of Nations, which defended the idea of a free economy and free markets. He believed in the economic liberty guaranteed economic progress and that government did not need to interfere with the economy. -
Socialism
This was the belief introduced by Charles Fourier and Saint-Simon, stating that the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of everybody. -
Cotton Gin
invented by Eli Whitney -
Capitalism
This is an economic system in which money is invested in business ventures, with the goal of making a profit. In the work An Essay on the Principle of Population, written by Malthus on this subject argued that population is increasing more rapidly than the food supply. -
William Cockerill
Took the secret plans to how to build spinning machinery to Belgium. His son eventually built a huge industrial enterprise building machinery, steam engines, and railway locomotives. -
Abolition of Slavery
Parliament passes a bill to end slave trade in the British West Indies. -
Francis Cabot Lowell
An investor who revolutionized the American textile industry. He mechanized every stage in the manufacture of cloth. -
Reaper
Invented by Cyrus McCormick. -
Foot Treadle
Invented by I.M. Singer -
The Ten Hours Act
This limited the workday to ten hours for women and children who worked in factories. -
Elizabeth Gaskell
Wrote the book Mary Barton which showed sympathy for the working class at this time. -
Communism
Marx introduced this idea which was a form of complete socialism where production would be all land, mines, factories, railroads and businesses. His ideas were published in his book The Communist Manifesto. -
John D. Rockefeller
Founded the large corporation, Standard Oil. He controled every aspect of his industry so that he could make big profits. -
Telephone
Invented by Alexander Graham Bell -
Internation Council of Women
Women joined together to found this organization for their own rights. -
Reformers in the United States
Progressive reformers in the US organized the National Child Labor Committee to end child labor, protecting working children in their country.
