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Thanks to the French...
It was the French who first questioned who, what, and where individuals with disabilities should and would be educated. The French had long had a public custodial care system in place, but during this period of enlightenment and increased enrollment in institutions and special schools for the blind and deaf,there was suddenly a need and want for those individuals qualified to teach and/or treat children -
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French Enlightenment Era
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Horace Mann School
This school opened to service student with a hearing impairment. -
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The Progressive Era
During this time period many of today's "helping" professions were developed. It is also during this time period that people began to consider the social problems of "primarily poor, or working class, immigrant children and families living in American cities (Danforth, Taft, & Ferguson p. 10)." This time period is marked by three characteristics: "industrialization and intesification of social class conflict, urbanization and immigration, and expansion of science from physical to social." -
The Committee of Ten
Prior to the appointment of the Committee of Ten by the National Eduction Association, one room school houses were the normin American education. With Charles Eliot, the president of Harvard University, acting as chair of the committee of teachers, the decision was made that elementary education should last 8 years and that a secondary education would last 4 years. -
Pyschology helps to develop aims of education.
Edward Thorndike states that psychology helps provide definition to the aims of education by making those aims clearer as well as limiting them. http://edwardthorndike.wikispaces.com/ (photo) -
The Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education
Because of increased enrollment in secondary schools, revisions to the curriculum were necessary. The Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education developed theseven cardinal principles of secondary education (Health, Command of Fundamental Processes, Worthy Home Membership, Vocation, Civic Education, Worthy Use of Leisure, and Ethical Character). -
Public Schools in Large Cities
By this time, most large city school systesm had programs in place for students that had a variety of disabilities. -
Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction
Robert W. Tyler developed the four questions that must be answered when developing curriculum. They are as follows:
1. What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?2. What educational experiences can be provided that are likely to attain these purposes?3. How can these educational experiences be effectively organized?4. How can we determine whether these purposes are being attained? -
Title VI added to Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
This creates the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped which is now known as the Office of Special Education Programs or OSEP. -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142)
This groundbreaking legislation P.L. 94-142 is passed by congress. Congress then give states 3 years to have frameworks in place. -
Publication of A Nation at Risk & Howard Gardner's Theory Multiple Intelligences
1983 was a big year. In A Nation at Risk, the author points out that we let the productiveness of our education system fall to the wayside, and that this occurance is unacceptable. Howard Gardner publishes his work on multiple intellegences. -
NCTM publishes first set of national standards
This is the first set of national curriculum and assessment standards. Many other disciplines followed suit. -
Goals 2000: Educate America Act
President Bill Clinton signed into law the Goals 2000: Educate America Act. This law set framework for what will become NCLB and it also was meant to ensure that every student received what he needed to reach his full potential. -
No Child Left Behind
A revision of ESEA is signed into law by President Bush. The main goal of this legislation calls for all students including those with disabilities should be proficient in math and reading by the year 2014. For curriculum, this means that state educational standards will be linked to a national criteria.
