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The age of enlightenment
It was a cultural movement that spread from France throughout Europe during the 18th century. It defended the use of reason and logic as a means of knowledge. Its translation to politics meant criticism of the institutions of the Ancien Régime and, in particular, of the absolute monarchy. -
THE WAR OF SUCCESSION
It was an international conflict over the succession to the Spanish throne after the death of Charles II.
Some 600,000 deaths, among civilians and military.
The devastation of the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula.
The recognition of Philip V as king of Spain, but without the right to occupy the French throne. -
THE WAR OF SEVEN YEARS
It was a series of conflicts to control Silesia and to get the supremacy of North America and India.
The kingdom of Prussia, the Electorate of Hannover and Great Britain take part in it. -
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
The American War of Independence was a war that pitted the original Thirteen British Colonies in North America against the Kingdom of Great Britain.
It affected Native Americans by opening up Western settlements and creating governments hostile to their territorial claims, ending the mercantilist economy and opening up new opportunities in trade and manufacturing. -
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
The French Revolution was a period of violent political and social change, which saw the abolition of the absolute monarchy and the end of the estates system of the Ancien Régime. The French Revolution began in 1789 and is considered to be the first European bourgeois revolution. -
The storming of the Bastille
ON July 14, 1789, the people of France took the Bastille fortress, starting one of the most important revolutions in history. The main consequences of the storming of the Bastille were the following: The suppression of feudalism and the rights and privileges of the nobility by the National Assembly, which allowed it to continue in session thanks to the fact that part of the people of Paris took up arms. -
Napoleonic Empire
It was an imperial state created by the French soldier Napoleon Bonaparte, who in 1804 had himself crowned Emperor of the French. That coronation led to war with several states in Europe, especially Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia, who wanted to prevent French expansion. The conquest of a large number of territories by France, which became the first European power and which deepened its limits beyond the Alps and the Rhine River. -
SPAIN'S INDEPENDENCE
The Spanish War of Independence was a war that took place between 1808 and 1814 within the context of the Napoleonic Wars, which pitted the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal against the First French Empire, whose claim was to install on the Spanish throne to Napoleon's brother, José Bonaparte, after the abdications of Bayonne. The War of Independence had a series of economic, political and social consequences. -
Battle Of Waterloo
Napoleon Bonaparte's escape from the island of Elba and his return to France, where he was received as a hero. The flight of King Louis XVIII from Paris and the new coronation of Napoleon were the causes.
It meant the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte and the fall of the French Empire, but also changed the course of Europe with the Congress of Vienna in which the borders of the continental countries were redefined and the absolute monarchies, threatened since the French Revolution, were reinforced. -
IMPERIALISM
The term imperialism refers to the attitude, doctrine or action that leads to the dominance of one state over another or others through the use of military, economic or political force. Imperialism caused the loss of identity of the indigenous settlers and implanted the patterns behavior, education and mentality of the colonizers. The language of the rulers (especially English and French) was imposed, leading to a high degree of acculturation.