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Engel v Vitale
Before this day prayer in schools was mandatory however, some parents felt uncomfortable and stated that the forced prayer was a violation of the first Amendment. It took over 3 months for the Supreme Court do decide that the prayers was unconstitutional and that forced prayers in school would be taken out. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
President Lyndon Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). This act gave children with disabilities, trouble with English and those living in poverty a better education by funding schools with programs that would help these students. -
The Bilingual Education Act
The Bilingual Education Act was funded by congress and was mandated in schools for students whose first language was something other than English or for individuals who were living an environment in the US, but had a more impactful language that was not English -
Diana v California State Board
Diana took the an IQ test which indicated that she had a mild mental retardation she was placed in an EMR class. This event lead to a lawsuit questioning the EMR classes when it involved Mexican-American and Chinese American students. The IQ test was given in English, which was not the primary language of these children and the reason why most obtained poor results. The case resulted in a consent decree and the children were able to take the EMR test again but in their own language. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Pennsylvania
The state of Pennsylvania was taken to court because individuals with mental retardation did not have the same opportunities to an education. The case was settled and it was determined that children with mental retardation should be offered personalized programs that can accommodate to their needs. -
The Indian Education Act
The act recognizes that American Indians need to have more opportunities than what they were given. They have different cultures needs and they were taken into account by providing them with certain grants catered to them specifically. -
Title IX, Education Amendments of 1972
The law was created to protect against discrimination when it comes to education,gender, participation, and benefits. -
The Equal Educational Opportunities Act
The act passed to protect students from descrimation based on race, sex, national origin or color. This act also gave students the right to sue the school if their right get violated -
Edwards v. Aguillard
In Louisiana the court stated that teaching about evolution or creationism in elementary school and middle school could not be taught because there were no support for either of the two. -
No Child Left Behind Act
Was a revised version of ESEA and made teachers accountable for the students’ academic results. The schools were responsible for showing the results by presenting the test scores of these students. If the school had poor results they would receive a penalty.
