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congress of racial equality (CORE)
an organization founded in 1942 that was dedicated to civil rights reform through nonviolent
civil rights : the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality. -
jackie robinson hired to brooklyn dodgers
- color line: a barrier that separated whites and blacks
- Robinson crossed the color line when Brooklyn Dodgers general manager Branch Rickey hired him
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executive order 9981
it was an order by Pres. truman to end segregation in the military
segregation: -
advocates for black nationalism
where they advocated people to support black nationalism so they'd equal everything between them
nation of Islam: a religious group, , that promoted complete separation from white society by establishing black businesses, schools, and communities
malcolm X: a leader of the leaders of this change was a former convict -
brown v. board of education ruling
- when the Court ruling declaring that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional -thurgood marshall: first African-American justice. who tried to protect african americans kids
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
where rosa parks refused to give her seat so a white man could sit instead
boycott: ban that forbids relations with certain groups, cooperation with a policy, or the handling of goods.
Rosa Parks: an activist in the Civil Rights Movement -
Integration of Central High School
In 1957, a federal judge ordered public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas, to begin desegregation.
Little Rock Nine; 9 black kids who shared a high school with whites at arkansas -
first lunch counter sit-ins
- sit-in is a public facility as means of peaceful protesting
- jim crow laws : law that made racial segregation okay in the south
- African american college kids went into woolsworth everyday
- these students were often attacked by shite customers and store owners
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Freedom rides
civil rights protests to test whether southern states were complying with the Supreme Court ruling against segregation on interstate transport
Civil Disobedience: the nonviolent refusal to obey a law that the protester considers to be unjust
SNCC: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee -
Birmingham Campaign: Letter from a Birmingham Jail
In the letter King explained why African Americans were using civil disobedience and other forms of direct action to protest against segregation.
SCLC : The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization -
March on washington
protest in which more than 250,000 people demonstrated in the nation's capital for "jobs and freedom" and the passage of civil rights legislation
NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of colored people in America -
civil rights act of 1964
-plessy v. ferguson: a 1986 court case that determined seperate but equal facilities
-originally kennedy's idea President Johnson was able to get passed
-civil rights act banned discrimination -
Voting rights act of 1965
an act of Congress outlawing literacy tests and other tactics that had long been used to deny African Americans the right to vote
disenfranchise: deprive (someone) of the right to vote. -
Watts Riot
a 1965 race riot in Watts, a black ghetto in Los Angeles, caused by frustrations about poverty, prejudice, and police mistreatment
Kerner Commission & ghettos: the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders that concluded that white racism was the fundamental cause of the Watts rio -
Black Panther
a group founded in 1966 that demanded economic and political rights and was prepared to take violent action]
Black Power: a movement in support of rights and political power for black people, especially prominent in the US in the 1960s and 1970s. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
a law that included a ban on discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, or sex
discrimination: the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education
desegregation: the ending of a policy of racial segregation
the Supreme Court ruling that busing was an acceptable way to achieve school integration -
Regents of the Univeristy of California v. Bakke
it is a Supreme Court ruling that narrowly upheld affirmative action, declaring that race may be a factor, but not the whole thing, in school admissions
affirmative action: a policy that calls on employers to actively seek to increase the number of minorities in their workforce
