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The Social Contract
It was written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The Social Contract was published in 1762 and discussed that every individual was born with the equal rights to freedom and happiness, regardless of how rich or poor they were. There was a stated aim. This was to help create a political authority. Due to this book, people realised that they could follow any religion, make their own decisions and have every right to freedom. -
The Spinning Jenny
The speed of weaving increased creating a new problem. This problem was that it took three spinners to keep up with only one weaver. The dilemma was resolved in 1767, when James
Hargreaves invented a creative new machine called the Spinning Jenny which was capable of spinning eight threads of cotton yarn at a time. This was one of the first instances of mass production, since more cloth could be manufactured in a shorter time frame. -
James Cook charts the east coast of Australia
Captain Cook set off in 1768 to observe the transit of Venus from Tahiti. After the astronomical observations were completed, he was then under immense instructions to try and find the great unknown southern land, and claim it for Britain. In 1770 he charted the whole east coast making extensive notes and sketches on people, flora, fauna and suitability for colonisation. Cook and his crew finally reached England in July 1771, with valuable knowledge and information on Australia. -
James Watt invents a steam engine to drive machinery
During the Industrial Revolution there became a need for transport to import and export materials and manufactured goods. The invention of steam engines made transportation quicker and cheaper than ever before. James Watt had built an improved version of the steam engine using a separate chamber which allowed the machine to endure work all the time, something that the previous model could not do. Steam engines made machinery work faster and made travelling much easier for people of that time. -
The Bounty Scheme
By 1835, the government had come to a realisation that there was a gender imbalance in Australia. To rebalance the population from every woman to four men to even, the bounty scheme was put in place. It was designed to interest more married couples and young women to come to Australia. By 1838, three years later, over three thousand voluntary migrators had come to Australia through the bounty scheme. -
The Myall Creek Massacre
As Europeans expanded their settlements, they came into contact with many indigenous tribes. Europeans took away the Aborigines land and food sources, this created controversy. Eleven convicts and ex-convicts rode onto the cattle station at Myall Creek, searching for Indigenous people whom they suspected of killing a European shepherd. A group of about 28 Aborigine were lead to the nearby creek by the bounty hunters. They were all massacred, by a gunshot and then by sword to save their bullets. -
Caroline Chisholm
Caroline came to Sydney in September, 1838 in the Emerald Isle. She was surprised to find out that new immigrant women were homeless and sleeping on the streets and bush lands. Ms Chisholm took action immediately when she knew that after ten days people had to get off the boat. She established a home for the female migrants and tried to find work for them. Caroline was an astounding woman and by the time she left for England in 1846 she had helped more than 10,000 people find employment. -
Australian football
Australian Rules football was first played amongst people as a way of keeping the cricket players fit through the winter. Forty players on each team using a round ball played a match that lasted for up to five hours. This game attracted many cheering spectators, this also happens as of today. Today the game is played between two teams of 18 players. A match is played in four 20 minute quarters. It is an extremely popular sport among young people in Australia and has a growing amount of support. -
The Ashes are born
The 1882 Australia v England match arranged between the two sides was later accepted to be a Test match. Although at the time it was not known that this one-off match, at The Oval in South London, would eventually become the birth of The Ashes. Australia’s victory over England for the first time was widely condemned and advertised. The Ashes is played every year and has a gigantic following. Many people come out and relax for the day watching the rivalry between Australia and England. -
The Battle of the Frontiers
It was comprised of four battles which all took place in August 1914, after the outbreak of World War I. The fights were launched under French commander, Joseph Joffre and German Chief, Helmuth von Moltke. The battles Lorraine, Ardennes, Charleroi and Mons happened almost simultaneously, each impacting each other. Four bloody conflicts were fought over the course of many days between German, French and British forces on the Western Front in France. Many worthy and brave soldiers were killed. -
The Landing at Gallipoli
A month before the ANZACS arrived there had been a failed attack by the French and British forces. This failure encouraged the decision to make a land attack. The Turks had heard word of an attack, and prepared for battle. Although when they arrived they were a few kilometres their scheduled landing position, it was completely different to what they expected. Turkish machine fire caught them off guard and they couldn’t find a place to take refuge. This resulted in 2300 casualties. -
Battle of the Somme
The attack was launched from north of the Somme river between Arras and Albert, and ran from the 1st of July to the 18th of November. It began by a detonation of a series of seventeen mines. The offensive was planned in late 1915 and was intended as a combined French-British attack, the aim being to kill the German forces and gain territory. The Battle of Somme is famous on account of the loss of 58000 British troops on the first day of battle.
