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Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian polymath, artist, scientist, inventor, and more professions. He is best known for his iconic paintings, such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
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The Fall of Constantinople occurred on May 29, 1453. It was the final siege and conquest of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire, led by Sultan Mehmed II. -
The Catholic Monarchs were Isabel I de Castilla and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. Their reign began in 1474, when Isabel became queen of Castile, and continued until Ferdinad`s death in 1516. They were known for their role in the Spanish Inquisition and for their support of Christopher Columbus' voyages.
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Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, commonly known as Michelangelo (1475-1564), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. He is widely considered one of the greatest artists in history and is known for his iconic works such as the Sistine Chapel ceiling and the statue of David.
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Christopher Columbus discovered america in 1492. He was trying to find a new route to india and reached America without realising it -
The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed on June 7, 1494. It was an agreement between Spain and Portugal that divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between themselves along an imaginary line. The treaty was trying to solve the dispute between them of controling the new discovered areas. -
Juana I of Castile, also known as Juana la Loca (Joanna the Mad), reigned as the queen of Castile from 1504 until 1555. However his father, Ferdinand II of Aragon, and his son Charles V captived her most of his reign because of his mentally illneses
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John Calvin (1509-1564) was a French theologian and philosopher. He is best known for his influential writings and his role in establishing the Reformed tradition of Protestantism
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Carlos V was the Holy Germanic Roman Emperor from 1519 to 1556 and with the name of Carlos I he was the king of spain form 1516 to 1556. He was the son of Juana I of Castilla and Philip the Handsome, and he inherited a vast empire that included territories in Europe, the Americas, and Asia.
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Martin Luther's 95 Theses were a set of arguments and criticisms against certain practices and teachings of the Catholic Church. This event is considered a key moment in the Protestant Reformation and the beginning of the split between the Catholic and Protestant churches. -
The Act of Supremacy was a law passed by the English Parliament in 1534 during the reign of King Henry VIII. The act declared the King to be the supreme head of the Church of England, thereby granting him power and authority over the church and its clergy, instead of the Pope in Rome. -
The Council of Trent was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church held in Trento, Italy, between 1545 and 1563. The council was held in response to the Protestant Reformation, which had challenged the authority and teachings of the Catholic Church.
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Felipe II was the King of Spain from 1556 to 1598. He was the son of Charles V and Isabella of Portugal. He faced difficuilties including conflicts with England and the Ottoman Empire.
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Philip III, also known as Felipe III, was the King of Spain from 1598 to 1621. He was the son of Philip II and Anna of Austria. He had to continue fighting with the conflicts with England and The Netherlands.
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Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez was a Spanish painter and became the court painter for King Philip IV of Spain. He painted ''Las Meninas''.
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Philip IV, also known as Felipe IV, was the King of Spain from 1621 to 1665. He was the son of Philip III and Margaret of Austria. He faced wars with France, Portugal and The Netherlands as well as the decline of Sapnish economy and the revolt of Cataluña
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Charles II, also known as Carlos II, was the King of Sapin from 1665 until his death in 1700. He was the son of Philip IV and his second wife Mariana of Austria. He had many mental and physical health problems, including infertility, so he could not have children, which lead to the War of the Spanish Succession.
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It was an European conficlt due to the death of the childless King Carlos ll of Spain in 1700. The conflict was primarily fought between two alliances: the Grand Alliance, which mainly included England, Austria and the Dutch Republic; and the Bourbon alliance, which mainly included France and Spain. The war ended with the Treaty of Utrecht, which granted the Spanish throne to Philip V and the limit of French power in Europe
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The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted until 1799. It was a period of social and political changes in France that had an impact on French and European history.
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