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Mussolini takes over Itatly's government
Mussolini’s road to a dictatorship took much longer than Hitler’s in 1933. Hitler was appointed chancellor on January 30th 1933. By April 1st 1933, his power was such that, after the Enabling Act, Hitler could only be seen as the dictator of Nazi Germany regardless of Hindenburg's presidency.
Info Refences:
The Foreign Policies of Hitler and Mussolini | History Today. -
Beer Hall Putsch
The Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923, or the Munich Putsch, was Hitler’s attempt to overthrow the Weimar Government of Ebert and establish a right wing nationalistic one in its place.
Info
Refrences:
Beer Hall Putsch (Munich Putsch). (n.d.). -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement to outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928.
Info
Refrences:
United States Senators at Signing of Kellogg-Briand Pact - VV12803 - Rights Managed - Stock Photo - Corbis. (n.d.). -
U.S Stock Market Crash
On October 29, 1929, Black Tuesday hit Wall Street as investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors.
Info
Refrences:
history - Stock Market Crash of 1929: Did Wall Street investors jump off buildings? - Skeptics Stack Exchange -
Japan invades Marchuria
Manchuria, on China’s eastern seaboard, was attacked by Japan in 1931.
Info
Refrences:
resourcesforhistoryteachers - WHII.23. (n.d.). -
Hitler becomes Germany chancellor
On this day in 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg names Adolf Hitler, leader or fÜhrerof the National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi Party), as chancellor of Germany. Info
Refrences:
Hitler Rise To Power: Date When German Dictator Became Chancellor Marked On 80th Anniversary. (n.d.). -
Nazi's reach a political majority
On 30 January 1933 Adolf Hitler, leader of NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers Party), was appointed Reich Chancellor by the Reich President, Paul von Hindenburg. At the subsequent elections to the Reichstag, NSDAP, together with its coalition partner DNVP, gained an absolute majority.
Info
Refrences:
Flightdeck Friday: Special Edition – Doolittle Raid 66th Anniversary | Steeljaw Scribe. (n.d.). -
Japan withdraws from the League of Nations
Original Members of the League of Nations - January 10, 1920
ARGENTINA, AUSTRALIA, BELGIUM, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL, PERU POLAND.
Info
The Japanese delegation, defying world opinion, withdrew from the League of Nations Assembly after the assembly had adopted a report blaming Japan for events in Manchuria.
Refrences:
Good at Heart: Diary of Anne Frank/Holocaust WebQuest: Process. (n.d.). -
First Anti-Semitic Law is passed
Anti Semitism and the persecution of Jews were central tenets of Nazi ideology. In their 25-point party program published in 1920, Nazi party members publicly declared their intention to segregate Jews from “Aryan” society and to abrogate their political, legal, and civil rights. Info
Refrences:
Good at Heart: Diary of Anne Frank/Holocaust WebQuest: Process. (n.d.). -
Hitler openly announces to his cabinet he will defy the Treaty of Versailles
High above the town of Berchtesgaden in southeastern Bavaria, Adolf Hitler spent many hours in solitude at his mountain retreat with its magnificent views of the Alps and the valleys below. It was here that the Führer came to contemplate the future of Germany and to make all of his big decisions. Info
Refrences:
France | First World War Hidden History. (n.d.). -
Creation of the Nuremberg Laws
At the annual party rally held in Nuremberg in 1935, the Nazis announced new laws which institutionalized many of the racial theories prevalent in Nazi ideology.
Info
Refrences:
France | First World War Hidden History. (n.d.). -
Italy invades Ethiopia
Italo-Ethiopian War, (1935–36), an armed conflict that resulted in Ethiopia's Subjection to Italian rule. Often seen as one of the episodes that prepared the way for World War II, the war demonstrated the ineffectiveness of the League of Nations when League decisions were not supported by the great powers. Info
Refrences:
Pin by Juan Nel on History | Pinterest. (n.d.). -
Hitler Militarizes the Rhineland
Nazi leader Adolf Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact by sending German military forces into the Rhineland, a demilitarized zone along the Rhine River in western Germany. Info
Refrences:
GHDI - List of Images. (n.d.). -
Rape of Nanking
In December of 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army marched into China's capital city of Nanking and proceeded to murder 300,000 out of 600,000 civilians and soldiers in the city.
Info
Refrences:
“Revisionist” History and the Rape of Nanking 1937 | Padre Steve's World...Musings of a Passionately Progressive Moderate. (n.d.). -
Germany Annexes Austria
On March 12, 1938, German troops march into Austria to annex the German-speaking nation for the Third Reich. Info
Refrences:
Germany's Annexation of Austria (Anschluss). (n.d.). -
Hitler demands the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
A crisis in Czechoslovakia threw Europe into turmoil in 1938. Info
Refrences:
Tuesday, 27 September 1938 | Airminded. (n.d.). -
Munich Conference
Munich Agreement, (September 30, 1938), settlement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland in western Czechoslovakia. After his success in absorbing Austria into Germany proper in March 1938,
Info
Refrences:
Leaders at the Munich Conference, September 29, 1938. (n.d.). -
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht, literally, "Night of Crystal," is often referred to as the "Night of Broken Glass." The name refers to the wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms which took place on November 9 and 10, 1938, throughout Germany.
Info
Refrences:
INJUSTICE: 75 years since Kristallnacht, Nazis still roam free | Landmark Report. (n.d.). -
Einstein’s letter to FDR, “The Manhattan Project”
In the summer of 1939, six months after the discovery of uranium fission, American newspapers and magazines openly discussed the prospect of atomic energy. However, most American physicists doubted that atomic energy or atomic bombs were realistic possibilities. No official U.S. atomic energy project existed. Info
Refrences:
These Two Letters Ushered In The Precarious Age Of Nuclear Weaponry - Business Insider. (n.d.). -
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
The German-Soviet Pact, also known as the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact after the two foreign ministers who negotiated the agreement, had two parts. An economic agreement, signed on August 19, 1939, provided that Germany would exchange manufactured goods for Soviet raw materials.
Info
Refrences:
Molotov-Ribbentrop: The Night Stalin And Hitler Redrew The Map Of Europe. (n.d.). -
Nazi invasion of Poland
One of Adolf Hitler's first major foreign policy initiatives after coming to power was to sign a nonaggression pact with Poland in January 1934. This move was not popular with many Germans who supported Hitler but resented the fact that Poland had received the former German provinces of West Prussia.
InfoRefrences:
German Invasion of Poland - Mr. Moore's WH - Semester II. (n.d.). -
Evacuation of Dunkirk
It was a fateful decision that would ultimately transform a military defeat into a moral victory. As German forces continued their advance into France,
Info
Refrences:
About « Silver Queen Cruises. (n.d.). -
Battle of Britain
In the summer and fall of 1940, German and British air forces clashed in the skies over the United Kingdom, locked in the largest sustained bombing campaign to that date.
Info
Refrences:
RUSI - The Battle of Britain Debate. (n.d.). -
France Surrenders
Hitler unleashes his blitzkrieg invasion of the Low Countries and France with a fury on May 10, 1940. Within three weeks, a large part of the British force, accompanied by some of the French defenders, is pushed to the English Channel and compelled to abandon the continent at Dunkirk. Info
Refrences:
France Surrenders... - RareNewspapers.com. (n.d.). -
The Tripartite Pact
Info
The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Adolf Hitler.
Refrences:
Increasing tensions between the United States and Japan. (n.d.). -
Lend Lease Act
Info
Proposed in late 1940 and passed in March 1941, the Lend-Lease Act was the principal means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign nations during World War II.
Refrences:
Senate Passed a Supplemental Lend-Lease Bill. (n.d.). -
Operation Barbarossa
Info
Under the codename Operation "Barbarossa," Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, in the largest German military operation of World War II.
Refrences:
Operation Barbarossa: The Beginning of the End for Hitler | Britannica Blog. (n.d.). -
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Info
The attack on Pearl Harbor [nb 4] was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941 (December 8 in Japan). The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II.
Refrences:
Pearl Harbor bombing pics. (n.d.). -
Creation of the United Nations
Info
An international organization formed in 1945 to increase political and economic cooperation among member countries. The organization works on economic and social development programs, improving human rights and reducing global conflicts.
Refrences:
Senate Passed a Supplemental Lend-Lease Bill. (n.d.) -
The Wannsee Conference and the “Final Solution”
Info
On January 20, 1942, 15 high-ranking Nazi Party and German government officials gathered at a villa in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee to discuss and coordinate the implementation of what they called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question."
Refrences:
Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa. (n.d.). -
Bataan Death March
Info
After the April 9, 1942, U.S. surrender of the Bataan Peninsula on the main Philippine island of Luzon to the Japanese during World War II (1939-45), the approximately 75,000 Filipino and American troops on Bataan were forced to make an arduous 65-mile march to prison camps.
Refrences:
Reminder: 2015 Bataan Memorial Death March | RallyPoint. (n.d.). -
Doolittle Raid
Info
The Doolittle Raid, also known as the Tokyo Raid, on 18 April 1942, was an air raid by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on Honshu island during World War II, the first air raid to strike the Japanese Home Islands.
Refrences:
The Doolittle Raiders. (n.d.). -
Battle of Midway
Info
The Battle of Midway was a crucial and decisive naval battle in the Pacific Theatre
Refernces:
Battle of Midway. (n.d.). -
Island Hopping (date for Buna-Gona Campaign)
Info
After the Battle of Midway, the United States launched a counter-offensive strike known as "island-hopping," establishing a line of overlapping island bases, as well as air control. The idea was to capture certain key islands, one after another, until Japan came within range of American bombers.
Refrences:
August 15, Island Hopping Campaign, Velocity Paintball PA - mcarterbrown.com. (n.d.). -
Battle of Stalingrad
Info
The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943) was a major battle of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in the south-western Soviet Union.
Refrences:
Battle of Stalingrad. (n.d.). -
Operation Torch
Info
Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast) was the British-American invasion of French North Africa during the North African Campaign of the Second World War which started on 8 November 1942.
Refrencess:
La Operación Antorcha ( Operation Torch ) - Taringa! (n.d.). -
Operation Overload and D-Day
Info
Operation Overlord was the code name for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied western Europe during World War II. The operation commenced on 6 June 1944 with the Normandy landings.
Refrences:
TopFoto Gallery - History of Germany 1939-1945 by ullstein bild. (n.d.). Retrieved from -
Operation Valkyrie
Info
Operation Valkyrie (German: Operation Walküre) was a German World War II emergency continuity of government operations plan issued to the Territorial Reserve Army of Germany to execute and implement in case of a general breakdown in civil order of the nation.
Refrences:
Watch Operation Valkyrie : Operation Valkyrie Online | On Demand | Sky Go. (n.d.). -
Discovery of Majdanek
Info
Nazi German concentration and extermination camp established on the outskirts of the city of Lublin during the German occupation of Poland in World War II.
Refrences:
13 January 1944: Morgenthau argues for direct action to help the Jews. (n.d.). -
Battle of the Bulge
Info
The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was a major German offensive campaign launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, France, and Luxembourg on the Western Front toward the end of World War II in Europe.
Refrences:
Battle Of The Bulge. (n.d.). -
Hitler’s Suicide
<a href='http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/adolf-hitler-commits-suicide-in-his-underground-bunker' >Info</
Der Fuhrer, Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany, burrowed away in a refurbished air-raid shelter, consumes a cyanide capsule, then shoots himself with a pistol, on this day in 1945, as his “1,000-year” Reich collapses above him.
Refrences:
Hyperborean Vibrations: Did Adolf Hitler escaped from Berlim in 1945? The facts and the doubts. (n.d.). -
V-E Day
Info
The day (May 8) marking the Allied victory in Europe in 1945.
Refrences:
TimeRime.com - History of United Kingdom timeline. (n.d.). -
Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Info
Hiroshima was almost completely destroyed by the first atomic bomb ever dropped on a populated area. Followed by the bombing of Nagasaki, on August 9, this show of Allied strength hastened the surrender of Japan in World War II.
Refrences:
News and Features By Himanshu Guru: Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima-Nagasaki in 1945: The Biggest Tragedy in Modern History. (n.d.). -
V-J Day
Info
The day (August 15) in 1945 on which Japan ceased fighting in World War II, or the day (September 2) when Japan formally surrendered.
Refrences:
Skylighters, The Web Site of the 225th AAA Searchlight Battalion: The V-J Day Page. (n.d.). -
The Nuremberg Trials
Info
The Nuremberg trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the Allied forces after World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi German.
Refrences:
THE GREAT EUROPEAN SECRET. (n.d.). -
The Japanese War Crime Trials
Info
"World War II was the first major conflict in history in which the victors carried out trials and punishment of thousands of persons in the defeated nations for 'crimes against peace' and 'crimes against humanity,' two new and broadly defined categories of international crime."
Refrences:
Tokyo War Crimes Trials (1946-48): Bibliography and SelectedLinks. (n.d.). -
Cold War
Info
A state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular.
Refrences;
Rethinking the ‘New Cold War’: The Europeans Are Guilty and the Ivory Tower Doesn’t Matter | Oriental Review. (n.d.).
