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Battle of Marne
The Battle of Marne was fought from the 5th to the 12th of September 1914. Germany invaded France trying to win the war in 40 days and keeping Paris busy + destroying the British and French armies. On September 6th almost 1 million French and 100,000 British soldiers attacked the German's 750,000 line of men. This took place in locations near southern tributaries. The Battle of Marne is largely known for “Trench Warfare” because that's how they hid and kept shelter while still protecting. -
The assassination of Archduke
The first ever world war started in late June of 1914. Lasting about 4 years and killed around 9 million people changing the world forever. What caused this war to start? The day Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated sparked chains of events and led to world war. He was killed on June 28th of 1914 and the war ended November 11th 1918. He was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip a Bosnian Serb student -
Austria-Hungary declares war
On July 28t,h 1914 Austria-Hungary government declared war on Serbia. As a result of that Russia ordered mobilization in the four military districts facing Galicia. With Russia’s support of Serbia, they brought France into the mess and added to the conflict. After they declared war within 6 days other European countries declared war against one another. Within four years 21 countries declared war with each other. -
Battle Of Somme
July 1st, 1916 was considered the bloodiest day of World War 1 ever. July 1st marks the first day of the battle of Somme during the war. On the opening day, the British sustained 57,000 casualties and around 20,000 fatalities making it the bloodiest day in history. And even though the French were doing well while in the south it was still a “bloody” failure. With everything that happened they only ended up gaining three square miles of territory. -
Volunteering
In July of 1917, Roy Crowdy Avery heard about a surgical unit that a hospital in France was hosting and needed volunteers for. He decided to include himself as a volunteer, not knowing if he’d get an answer. He hadn’t heard anything from April till July 3rd and decided he didn’t want to wait any longer. After waiting a long while he joined the Bellevue hospital unit instead. -
Routine
Avery said the routine was deadly and a bore. Every morning they were up by 5:45 and then did calisthenics for 30 minutes. After that, they had an inspection and then drilled on. His officers of the day would assign people and groups things to do. They would be assigned the kitchen police, to clean dirty pots and pans, peel potatoes, etc. Then after their tasks, they had more drills in the afternoon as their very dull routine. -
Avery squeak less mouse determination of pneumococci from sputum
Avery and his brother held experiments on mice and their reactions. He would take sputum from a patient and inject it into a mouse's abdomen and wait to see how long it takes to cause a reaction and kill them. Later on, the experiment was named “Avery squeakless mouse determination of pneumococci from sputum.” After he had finished his course in war bacteriology, the commanding officer of his unit promoted him to sergeant. Which then increased his salary to $40 a month so he was fine with it. -
14-point program
1-8-1918 Woodrow Wilson gave a speech to the congress. A “14-point program” for world peace. The speech was later taken into account on October 3rd by Prince Maximilian. It put forth the idea of free trade, freedom of the seas, and most importantly independence and territorial integrity for all member countries. Germans argued “betrayal” when they faced the terms of the Armistice and Treaty Of Versailles. That was after the Prince sought a rapid armistice and opening of peace negotiations. -
Nowly Ash
On a random night in February, they were awakened and told to get in their heavy marching gear and to “leave nothing behind and put everything in its right place”. They were taken down to the Hudson River, boarded the Queen of the Sea, and were assigned places to sleep. As the men were seasick, they were picked up by some British destroyers circling them. They were then later escorted into Manchester, England, and stayed there for about 4 weeks in an old camp called Nowly Ash. -
Leaving camp
Leaving Nowly Ash camp they boarded a train and headed south to the cliffs of Dover. They stayed there for almost a week and then, in one night, were ordered to get aboard cast iron cattle boats that were sent out across the channel. They slept on them until the morning when they were awakened by something they thought they had crashed int, thinking it was a rock or mine. Turns out it was just iron anchors thrown out that were hitting the side of the hull