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Sea Battles
Efforts of the Allied Powers, with their larger fleets and surrounding position, to blockade the Central Powers by sea, and the efforts of the Central Powers to break that blockade or to establish an effective blockade of the United Kingdom and France with submarines and raiders -
First use of Gas Warfare
They were primarily used to demoralize, injure, and kill entrenched defenders, against whom the indiscriminate and generally very slow-moving or static nature of gas clouds would be most effective -
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Trench Warfare
On the Western Front .Trench warfare occurred when a revolution in firepower was not matched by similar advances in mobility -
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Battle of Frontiers
German Victory
Belgium, German Empire, UK
Lorraine, the Ardennes and Belgium
140,000
German and British forces would confront the strength of modern firepower for the first time. The greatest struggles of World War I. Germany control of the majority of the industrial power of Belgium and France -
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Battle of Marne
France, United Kingdom, German Empire; Decisive Entente Victory, Allies 263,000 Germans 220,000; Paris, Marne
First use of radio intercepts and automotive transport of troops in wartime. The first significant Allied victory of World War I, saving Paris and thwarting Germany's plan for a quick victory over France. -
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The First Battle of Ypres/ Flanders
Western Front around Ypres, in West Flanders, Belgium
France, UK, Belgium
Indecisive
Belgian:21,562 French: 50,000-85,000 British: 58,155
Would give a significant height advantage to whichever side controlled this ridge of high land. Ypres was also Canada's first battle, for this it was given the nickname “Canada's Baptism in Fire”. To isolate Dunkirk and Ostend regardless of the casualties sustained. -
Armenian Genocide
Leaders of the Turkish government set in motion a plan to expel and massacre Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire.The Turkish government does not acknowledge the enormity or scope of these events. The Ottoman rulers, like most of their subjects, were Muslim. They permitted religious minorities like the Armenians to maintain some autonomy, but they also subjected Armenians, who they viewed as “infidels,” to unequal and unjust treatment. -
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Battle of Gallipoli
Gallipoli Peninsula, Sanjak of Gelibolu, Adrianople Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Victory ; Australia,Ottoman Empire,United Kingdom,New Zealand,Austria‑Hungary
27,000 French, and 115,000 British and dominion troops
Began the land phase of the Gallipoli Campaign of the First World War. Would enable Britain and her allies to establish a southern front against their enemies during the First World War. Gallipoli was the KO, the sucker punch needed to push the Ottoman Empire out -
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The Second Battle of Ypres
Ypres, Belgium
France, Belgium, Germany
Allied Victory
British: 59,275 Germans: 34,933 French: 10,000
The introduction of poison gas, however, would have great significance in World War I. The first major battle fought by Canadian troops in the First World War . -
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Battle of Verdun
Verdun, France ; German Empire, French Third Republic
French Victory; 143,000 German, 162,440 French
Largest and longest battle, The casualties from Verdun and the impact the battle had on the French Army was a primary reason for the British starting the Battle of the Somme in July 1916 in an effort to take German pressure off of the French at Verdun -
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Battle of Somme
France, UK India
Somme River, north-central Somme and south-eastern Pas-de-Calais Départements, France
British 420,000 French 200,000
First great offensive of WW1 for the British.
Long stalemate against Germany, more defense than attacks placed.
Expensive lesson how not to mount effective attacks -
Home front France
The World War ended a golden era for the press. The economy was hurt by the German invasion of major industrial areas in the northeast. War-weariness was a major factor by 1917, even reaching the army, as soldiers were reluctant to attack. Many French intellectuals welcomed the war to avenge the humiliation of defeat and loss of territory to Germany following the Franco-Prussian War of 1871. -
Home front Britain
Patriotic feelings spread throughout over the whole country, and many of the class barriers of Edwardian era faded. In 1914 Britain had by far the largest and most efficient financial system in the world. Economic sacrifices were made, however, in the name of defeating the enemy. -
Home Front Germany
By 1915 the British naval blockade had cut-off food imports and conditions deteriorated rapidly on the home front. The causes included the transfer of so many farmers and food workers into the military.Thousands of soup kitchens were opened to feed the hungry people. Morale of both civilians and soldiers continued to sink, but using the slogan of "sharing scarcity". -
Home Front Russia
Tsarist Russia was being torn apart in 1914 and was not prepared to fight a modern war. The industrial sector was small, finances were poor, the rural areas could barely feed themselves. While the central bureaucracy was overwhelmed and under-led, Fallows shows that localities sprang into action motivated by patriotism, pragmatism, economic self-interest, and partisan politics. Food and fuel supplies grew scarce. -
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Battle of Vimy Ridge
Allied Victory
Canada, UK, German Empire
France, Vimy
3598 dead, 7004 wounded
It was the first occasion on which all four divisions of the Canadian Corps attacked as a composite formation, it was made a symbol of Canadian national achievement and sacrifice -
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The Third Battle of Ypres/ Flanders/ Passchendaele
Passendale, Belgium
France, UK, Canada
Allied Victory
British: 310,000 German: 260,000
Most costly and controversial offensives of World War I, representing–at least for the British–the epitome of the wasteful and futile nature of trench warfare. -
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Battle of Cambrai
UK, German Empire, Canada
Stalemate
France, Cambrai
British 44,000 Germans 41,000
British attack followed by the biggest counter attack against the BEF since 1914. First large scale tank attack. Demonstrated the power of tanks and altered warfare. The first preregistration of artillery as an offensive. Changed the modern battlefield. -
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Fourth Battle of Flanders/Ypres/of the Lys/ Operation Georgette
Allied Victory
French–Belgian Flanders
British and German Empire
British:120,000 German: 120,000
Morale on both sides of the line was at a low point, due to heavy losses, but neither was ready to give in.Both sides suffered heavy losses during the battle of the Lys. Fighting became futile. -
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Fifth Battle of Flanders/Ypres
Allied Victory
Ypres, Belgium to Ghent, Belgium
Belgium, Germany, UK
UK: 4685 Germany: 4500
The Allies advanced up to 18 miles