World War 1

National War Labor Board

1919 BCE

To deal with disputes between management and labor, President Wilson established the National War Labor Board in 1918. Workers who refused to obey boarddecisions could lose their draft exemptions. “Work or fight,” the board told them

Food Administration

1919 BCE

To help produce and conserve food, Instead of rationing food, he
called on people to follow the “gospel of the clean plate.” He declared one day a week “meatless,” another “sweetless,” two days “wheatless,” and two other days “porkless.” Restaurants removed sugar bowls from the table and served bread only after the first course.

Raising Money for the War

1919 BCE

The United States spent about $35.5 billion on the war effort.
The government raised about one-third of this amount through taxes, including a progressive income tax, a war-profits tax, and higher excise taxes on tobacco, liquor, and luxury goods. The government sold bonds through tens of thousands of volunteers. Movie stars spoke at rallies in factories, in schools, and on street corners.

Committee on Public Information and the "four minute men"

1919 BCE

A biased communication designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions. He recruited some 75,000 men to serve as “Four-Minute Men,” who spoke about everything relating to the war: the draft, rationing, bond drives, victory gardens, and topics such as “Why We Are Fighting” and “The Meaning of America.”

Anti-German sentiment in America

1919 BCE

The main targets of these attacks were Americans who had emigrated from other nations, especially those from Germany and Austria-Hungary. The most bitter attacks were directed against the nearly 2 million Americans who had been born in Germany, but other foreign born persons and Americans of German descent suffered as well.

Eugene V. Debs arrest

1919 BCE

Eugene V. Debs was handed a ten-year prison sentence for speaking out against the war and the draft.

Emma Goldman

1919 BCE

Emma Goldman received a two-year prison sentence and a $10,000 fine for organizing the No Conscription League. When she left jail, the authorities deported her to Russia.

Big Bill Haywood and the IWW

1919 BCE

Big Bill” Haywood and other leaders of the Industrial Workers of
the World (IWW) were accused of sabotaging the war effort because they urged workers to strike for better conditions and higher pay. Haywood was sentenced to a long prison term. Under such federal pressure, the IWW faded away.

Agreements made in the Treaty of Versailles

1919 BCE

It carved five areas out of the Ottoman Empire
and gave them to France and Great Britain as mandates, or temporary colonies, they were to administer their respective mandates until the areas were ready for self-rule and then independence. The treaty barred Germany from maintaining an army and also required them to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France and to pay reparations, or war damages, costing $33 billion to the Allies.

Reparations and the War Guild Clause

1919 BCE

Forced Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting World War I. Although German militarism had played a major role in igniting the war, other European nations had been guilty of provoking diplomatic crises before the war. Furthermore, there was no way Germany could pay the huge financial reparations. Germany was stripped of its colonial possessions in the Pacific, which might have helped it pay its reparations bill.

Austria-Hungary surrenders to the Allies

1918 BCE

That same day, German sailors mutinied against government authority. The mutiny spread quickly. Everywhere in Germany, groups of soldiers and workers organized revolutionary councils.

Establishment of the German Republic

1918 BCE

German sailors mutinied against government authority. The mutiny spread quickly. Everywhere in Germany, groups of soldiers and workers organized revolutionary councils.

Cease-fire and armistice

1918 BCE

Germans were too exhausted to continue fighting, so they agreed to a cease-fire and signed the armistice, or truce, that ended the war

War Industries Board

1918 BCE

It was established in 1917 and reorganized in 1918 under the leadership of Bernard M. Baruch, The board encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency. It also urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products—for instance, by making only 5 colors of typewriter ribbons instead of 150. The WIB set production quotas and allocated raw materials.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

1918 BCE

Espionage and Sedition Acts a person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort. Like the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, these laws clearly violated the spirit of the First Amendment. Their passage led to over 2,000 prosecutions for loosely defined antiwar activities; of these, over half resulted in convictions.

Wilson's 14 Points

1918 BCE

The fourteenth point called for the creation of an international
organization to address diplomatic crises like those that had sparked the war. This League of Nations would provide a forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without having to resort to war

Germany blockades the North Sea

1917 BCE

Well it had a huge effect on the U.S. because the blockade prohibited America to trade to Central Powers.

Wilson's "Peace without victory speech"

1917 BCE

"....A peace between equals," In which neither side would impose harsh terms on the other. Wilson hoped that all nations would join in a "league for peace" that would work to extend democracy, maintain freedom of the seas, and reduce armaments.

Zimmerman Note

1917 BCE

A telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was intercepted by British agents. The telegram proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany, if the U.S. broke out, Germany would help Mexico recover "lost territory Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Bolshevik Revolution

1917 BCE

In November, the Bolsheviks, led byLenin and Trotsky, overthrew the
provisional government. They setup a Communist state and sought
peace with the Central Powers.

Selective Service Act of 1917

1917 BCE

The act required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service.

369th Infantry Regiment

1917 BCE

The all-black 369th Infantry Regiment saw more continuous duty on the front lines than any other American regiment.

Convoy System

1917 BCE

In which a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups.

American Expeditionary Force and General John J. Pershing

1917 BCE

The American Expeditionary Force, led by General John J. Pershing, included men from widely separated parts of the country. American infantrymen were nicknamed doughboys, possibly because of the white belts they wore, which they cleaned with pipe clay, or “dough.” Most doughboys had never ventured far from the farms or small towns where they lived, and the sophisticated sights and sounds of Paris made a vivid impression.

Shell shock, trench foot and trench mouth

1917 BCE

Shell Shock-A complete emotional collapse from which many never recovered. Trench Foot-Caused by standing in cold wet trenches for long periods of time without changing into dry socks or boots. First the toes would turn red or blue, then they would become numb, and finally they would start to rot. The only solution was to amputate the toes, and in some cases the entire foot. Trench Mouth-A painful infection of the gums and throat.

Second Battle of the Marne

1917 BCE

U.S. troops played a major role in throwing back German attacks at Château-Thierry and Belleau Wood. In July and August, they helped win the Second Battle of the Marne.

Conscientious Objector

1917 BCE

A person who opposes warfare on moral grounds, pointing out that the Bible says, “Thou shalt not kill.”

Battle of the Somme

1916 BCE

The Battle of Somme lasted until mid-November the British suffered
60,000 casualties the first day alone. Final casualties totaled about 1.2 million, yet only about seven miles of ground changed hands. This bloody trench warfare, in which armies fought for mere yards of ground, continued for over three years. Elsewhere, the fighting was just as devastating and inconclusive.

Trench Warfare

1916 BCE

Combat in which each side occupies a system of protective trenches.

Sinking of French passenger liner Sussex

1916 BCE

In March 1916 Germany broke its promise and torpedoed an unarmed French passenger steamer, the Sussex, it sank, and about 80 passengers, including Americans, were killed or injured. Once again the United States warned that it would break off diplomatic relations unless Germany changed its tactics.

Sinking of British liner Lusitania

1915 BCE

One of the worst disasters occurred on May 7, 1915, when a U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania off the southern coast of Ireland. Of the 1,198 persons lost, 128 were Americans. The Germans defended their action on the grounds that the liner carried ammunition. Despite Germany’s explanation, Americans became outraged with Germany because of the loss of life. American
public opinion turned against Germany and the Central Powers.

Sinking of British liner Arabic

1915 BCE

In August 1915, a U-boat sank another British liner, the Arabic, drowning two Americans. Again the United States protested, and this time Germany agreed not to sink any more passenger ships.

Schlieffen Plan

1914 BCE

On August 3, 1914, Germany invaded Belgium, following
a strategy known as the Schlieffen Plan. This plan called
for a holding action against Russia, combined with a quick
drive through Belgium to Paris; after France had fallen, the
two German armies would defeat Russia.

1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

1914 BCE

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, visited the Bosnian capital Sarajevo. As the royal entourage drove through the city, Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip stepped from the crowd and shot the Archduke and his wife Sophie. The assassinations touched off a diplomatic crisis. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared what was expected to be a short war against Serbia.

Allies

1907 BCE

A group of nations taking military action together. In World War I, the Allies included Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and the United States.

Central Powers

1907 BCE

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria were the Central Powers in World War 1

Victor Burger

Feb 24, 1000

NO INFORMATION