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Mussolini takes over Italy's Government
Benito Mussolini came into power in Italy in late October 1922. The march marked the beginning of his rule and signified the doom lying ahead.
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References:
Italiancanadianww2.ca,. 'March On Rome'. N.p., 2015. Web. 17 Feb. 2015.
Encyclopedia Britannica,. 'March On Rome | Italian History'. N.p., 2015. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. -
Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler and the Nazis led a group to attempt a coup d'etat. They started in Munich and aimed to seize control of the state government.
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References:
Historyonthenet.com,. 'Nazi Germany - Munich Beer Hall Putsch'. N.p., 2015. Web. 12 Feb. 2015.
Ushmm.org,. 'Beer Hall Putsch (Munich Putsch)'. N.p., 2015. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
An agreement to outlaw war. The pact was made to try and prevent another world war from happening.
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References:
Jgsapush.blogspot.com,. 'JG's APUSH Blog'. N.p., 2015. Web.
12 Feb. 2015.
History.state.gov,. 'The Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928 - 1921–1936 - Milestones - Office Of The Historian'. N.p., 2015. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. -
U.S. Stock Market Crash
Billions of dollars were lost, losing investors everywhere. After Black Tuesday, America had fallen down the hole to the Great Depression.
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Nazi's reach a political majority in Germany
The Nazis invaded freedoms and tried to create a new community. The Third Reich quickly became a police state.
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References:
Cifwatch.com,. 'Carlos Latuff | Cif Watch'. N.p., 2015. Web. 17 Feb. 2015.
Ushmm.org,. 'Nazi Rule'. N.p., 2015. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. -
Hitler becomes Germany's Chancellor
When Hitler became Chancellor, it marked a turning point for Germany.
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References:
Shmoop,. 'World War II Timeline Of Important Dates'. N.p., 2015. Web. 17 Feb. 2015.
History.com,. 'Adolf Hitler Is Named Chancellor Of Germany — History.Com This Day In History — 1/30/1933'. N.p., 1948. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. -
Japan withdraws from the League of Nations
Japan left the League of Nations because the assembly had blamed Japan for events in Manchuria.
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References:
Kjc-fs2.kjc.uni-heidelberg.de,. 'Global Politics On Screen | Short Chronology'. N.p., 2015. Web. 17 Feb. 2015.
Johndclare.net,. N.p., 2015. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. -
First Anti-semitic law is passed in Germany
On April 1st, 1933, Hitler launched a campaign to encourage boycotts of Jewish-owned businesses.
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References:
Edwardvictor.com,. 'Anti-Jewish Legislation'. N.p., 2015. Web. 17 Feb. 2015.
The Holocaust,. 'Anti-Jewish Laws'. N.p., 2012. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. -
The night of the long knives (Rohm Purge)
Hitler was afraid of people who wanted his power. To protect himself from a coup d'etat he encouraged other leaders to compete with each other for power.
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Hitler openly announces to his cabinet he will defy the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler put together a Cabinet meeting and assembled members of the Army's General staff. He announced that Germany would openly defy the military limitations that are in the Treaty of Versailles.
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Italy invades Ethiopia
Ethiopia was one of the few independent African states. In the 1890s Italy tried to conquer Ethiopia, but it was unsuccessful. An incident on the border of Ethiopia and Italian land gave Mussolini an excuse to invade.
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Hitler Militarizes the Rhineland
When Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles, their military forces were reduced and the Rhineland was demilitarized. Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact by sending German military forces into the Rhineland.
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Rape of Nanking
Japanese General Matsui Iwane ordered that the city of Nanking should be destroyed. Most of the city was burned. The Japanese killed about 150,000 men, injured another 50,000 men, and raped about 20,000 women.
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Germany Annexes Austria
The Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg met Hitler to discuss his country's independence, but instead, Hitler bullied him into bringing the biggest Austrian Nazis into his cabinet.
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Munich Conference
The leaders of Great Britain, France, and Italy agreed to allow Germany to annex certain pieces of Czechoslovakia. Hitler demanded the Sudetenland, but the British Prime Minister tried to talk him out of it.
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References
Germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org,. 'GHDI - Image'. N.p., 2015.
Web. 17 Feb. 2015.
N.p., 2015. Web. 27 Feb. 2015. -
Hitler demands the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
Hitler threatened to take the Sudetenland by force. Czechoslovakia tried to resist, but their allies, Britain and France, wanted to avoid war.
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Kristallnacht
Nazis torched Synagogues, ruined Jewish homes, schools, and businesses and killed around 100 Jews. After Kristallnacht around 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps.
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Einstein's letter to FDR, "The Manhattan Project"
When Einstein found out some stuff about the Germans, he wrote a letter to President Roosevelt expressing his concerns. His letter iniated the start to the Atomic Bomb in the U.S.
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References
Nuclearweaponarchive.org,. 'The Manhattan Project'. N.p., 2015. Web. 17 Feb. 2015.
AMNH,. 2015. 'The Manhattan Project'. Accessed March 1 2015. -
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
A non-aggression pact signed by Hitler and Stalin. The agreement stated that Russia would have control over Latvia, Estonia, and Finland. Germany would have control over Lithuania and Danzig.
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Nazi invasion of Poland
Around 1.5 million German troops invaded Poland. Hitler stated that the invasion was for defense, but Britain and France weren't convinced. On September 3, they declared war on Germany, starting World War II.
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Evacuation of Dunkirk
Hundreds of civilian boats were used in the Evacuation from Dunkirk to England. It started on May 26, and ended on June 4. About 198,000 British and 140,000 French and Belgian troops were saved.
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France Surrenders
After Paris had fallen, the fight was going downhill for France. The German conquest of France was reaching the end.
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Battle of Britain
After France surrendered, Hitler turned his attention to Britain. This battle was the turning point in the war. It prevented Germany from invading Britain.
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The Tripartite pact
The Axis Powers are made when Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies while signing the Tripartite Pact in Berlin. The Pact offered assistance for eachother while being attacked.
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Lend Lease Act
The Lend Lease Act provided U.S. military aid to other countries during World War II. It allowed the U.S. to put their support into the war without being in it.
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Operation Barbarossa
Hitler sent his armies on a massive invasion of the Soviet Union. The invasion covered a distance of about 2,000 miles. Barbarossa was the biggest turning point of the War.
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Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked the naval base of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. More than 2,000 Americans died and another 1,000 were injured. The next day, the U.S. declared war on Japan.
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Creation of the United Nations
Representatives of 26 different countries pledged their governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers.
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References:
Unmultimedia.org,. 'United Nations Photo: United Nations Monetary And Financial Conference'. N.p., 2015. Web. 17
Feb. 2015.
Un.org,. 2015. 'History Of The United Nations'. Accessed
March 6 2015. -
The Wannsee Conference and the "Final Solution"
15 high ranking Nazi Party and German officials met at a villa in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee. They discussed a plan for what they called, 'The Final Solution of the Jewish Question'.
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Bataan Death March
After the U.S. surrender of the Bataan Peninsula to the Japanese during World War II, around 75,000 Filipino and American troops were forced to make an agonizing 65 mile march to prison camps.
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Doolittle Raid
The Doolittle Raid was the first U.S. air raid to strike the Japanese islands. The raid was the only operation in which U.S. Air Forces bombers were launched from an aircraft into combat.
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Island Hopping (date for Buna-Gona Campaign)
Island Hopping was the strategy made by the U.S. to gain military bases and secure the many small islands in the Pacific. U.S. Troops targeted islands that were not strongly defended by the Japanese.
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Battle of Midway
The Battle of Midway was a WWII naval battle that was fought almost entirely with aircraft. During this battle the U.S. destroyed Japan's first-line carrier strength and most of its best trained naval pilots.
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Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union and marked the turning point for the Allies. This was one of the bloodiest battles in history, with nearly 2 million deaths.
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Operation Torch
U.S. and British forces carried out the Algeria-Morocco military campaign. Three task forces landed on beaches more than 250 miles to the East of Algeria.
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Creation of the Nuremberg
The governments of the Allied powers announced their determination to punish Nazi war criminals. The leaders of the U.S., Great Britain, and the Soviet Union met to discuss a punishments.
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Operation Overlord and D-Day
Dwight D Eisenhower, the commander of Allied Expeditionary Forces in World War II gave the go ahead of a massive invasion of Europe.
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Operation Valkyrie
Operation Valkyrie was Hitler's plan for if he was ever assassinated. Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg attempted to kill Hitler, then setting off Operation Valkyrie, but it was a failure.
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Discovery of Majdanek
The Majdanek extermination camp was located in Lubin. It was one of the first Nazi Concentration Camps to be liberated by the Allies.
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Battle of the Bulge
Hitler attempted to split the Allied armies in Europe. A surprise blitzkrieg thrust through the Ardennes to Antwerp. As the Germans faught harder, the Allied line took the shape of a large bulge, thus giving the battle its name.
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Hitler's Suicide
Hitler and his wife were hidden in an air-raid shelter, and they bit into a cyanide capsule. They then shot themselves in the head with a pistol.
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V-E Day
The Allies crossed the Rhine River after they overran West Germany. The surrender of Germany was signed at Rheims on May 7 and ratified at Berlin on May 8.
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References:
Www1.toronto.ca,. N.p., 2015. Web. 17 Feb. 2015.
Infoplease.com,. 2015. 'V-E Day: May 8, 1945'. Accessed March 12 2015. -
Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
On August 6, 1945, An American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first deployed atomic bomb on Hiroshima in Japan. It killed 80,000 people, and tens of thousands more due to radiation.
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Japan Invades Manchuria
The Soviet Union officially declared war on Japan. More than 1 million Soviet soldiers were sent into Manchuria, that was under control of Japan. The Japanese had a 700,000 man army.
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V-J Day
Japan surrendered to the Allies, thus ending World War II. Japan's formal surrender took place on September 2.
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References:
Munger, Frank, and View . 'Oak Ridge Celebrates V-J Day And More'. Atomic City Underground. N.p., 2010. Web.
17 Feb. 2015.
HISTORY.com,. 2015. 'V-J Day - World War II - HISTORY.Com'. Accessed March 9 2015. -
The Japanese War Crime Trials
The International Military Tribunals for the Far East began a case in Tokyo, Japan for 28 Japanese military and government officials that were accused of committing crimes in World War II.
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The Nuremberg Trials
The Holocaust was a crime filled with murders, imprisonments, and tortures. The world wanted a way of punishment for these horrible crimes.
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The Beginning of the Cold War
The creation of the Soviet Bloc in Eastern Europe and the growing threat of the Soviets worried other countries. The Truman Doctrine put the U.S. and the Soviet Union against each other for the next 40 years.
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