-
Ho Chi Minh
Born 1890, Nuyen That Than later became known as Ho Chi Minh who led nationalists in Vietnam. -
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Lydon B. Johnson
Served as the 36th president of the U.S., he succeeded Kennedy and carried out his unfinished plans, creating some of his own as well. -
NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People helped African Americans a lot, and worked to put an end to racial violence. -
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Richard Nixon
37th president of the U.S. -
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John F. Kennedy
Served as the 35th president of the united states. Kennedy had many great things planned as far as reform goes. -
Fascism in Italy
Benito Mussolini created the fascist party four years after he was drafted into the italian army.He was the first fascist leader and stressed the glory of the state. -
Adolf Hitler Rises to Power
Hitler joined a small political party known as the Nazis. He had plans to control Germany. It wasn't until 1933 that Hitler became chancellor of Germany, with the Nazi parrty the most powerful in the nation. -
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Martin Luther King Jr.
minister of a Baptist Church in Montgomery. He had alarge impact on the Civil Rights Movements. -
The UN-American Activites Comittee
HUAC's purpose was to investigate the full range of radical groups in the U.S. Overtime, the comittee began to only worry about the spread of communism. -
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The Cold War
After World War 2, the Soveit Union and the United States were in a time of high tension and competition. The U.S. viewed the Soviets as a threat. Both sides were making advances as quickly as possible. -
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Japan invades Manchuria
During the worldwide economic depression in the 1930s the nationalists of Japan's military decided to invade Manchuria without permission of the government. As a result, Japan's weak government was demonstrated, and they withdrew from the bleauge of nations. -
Japan Invades Manchuria
At this time, the people of Japan were un happy with their leaders. MAny wanted to expand, and the military acted with out permission from the general. As a result they were scolded by the League of Nations, and withdrew. -
Neutrality Act
this law was meant to prevent the nation from being drawn into war. -
Italy Invades Ethiopia
Mussolini had ITaly invade ethiopia, where colonization was mostly unsuccessful, as the Ethiopians defeated italy. -
The Spanish Civil War
The political conflict in Spain between the Communists vs. Fascists and Nationalists led to a civil war. By the end, Spain was ruled by a fascists dictator. -
Germany Militarizes the Rhineland
In the Rhine River Valley, along the French Border,Hitler and his men were prohibted. However, in 1936, they voilated this, and sent german troops to the Rhineland. -
Hitler Gains Control of Austria, Sudetenland, and Czechoslovakia
Hitler sent troops to Austria to gain contorl of it. After he was confident enough, and sure no one could stop him, he made plans to gain control of the other locations. -
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Concentration Camps
Labor camps meant to hold what Hitler called "enemies of the state." The conditions of these camps were horrifying. -
Kristallnacht
The nights of the 9th and 10th, where anti-Jewish riots broke out across Germany. Violence was encouraged by Nazis. -
Germany Invades Poland
For this attack, Hitler devised a plan where a german criminal was dressed in a polish military uniform. The man was taken to the german polish border and shot. Hitler used this as "proof" that Germany had been attacked by Poland, and launched a massive invasion. -
J. Robert Oppenheimer
A man who led american scientists in creating the atomic bomb -
Blitzkrieg
German for "Lightening War," the Blitzkrieg included a combonation of airattacks and armored strikes. Hitler did this to attack poland. -
Great Britain and France Decalre war on Germany
After they declared war, G.B. and France became known as the allies. There was not much they could do to stop Hitler in poland. -
Germany Invades Belgium, The Netherlands, and France.
One group of German troops quickly conquered the Netherlands, and stromed into Belgium. There they were met by Belgian, British, and French units. Germany was still more powerful. Refer to page 396 in text book. -
The Battle of Britain
The first stage of the German plan was to destroy the British Royal Air Force, and they failed. The German air froce, called Luftwaffe, began bombing London. By late 1940, the batlle was over, and the British were able to defeat the German air force. -
the Axis Powers Form
Japan formed a military alliance with Germany and Italy. -
Lend-Lease Act
Allowed the nation to send wepons to Great Britain regardless of it's ability to pay. -
Smith Act
This law made it illegal to plan an overthrow of th U.S. gov't. -
Atlantic Charter
This agreement proclaimed the shared goals of the U.S. and Britain in opposing Hitler and his allies. -
The Manhattan Project
With the labratories in Los Alamos, New Mexico, the manhattan project was the most significant scientific program of world war 2. it was a top secret American program to build an atomic bomb. -
Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor
Japan preformed a surprise attack on American naval base, pearl harbor. The attack lasted about 2 hours, leaving lots of damage. Americans reacted with anger and fear. -
U.S. Declares War on Japan
As a result of the Pearl Harbor incident, America declared war on Japan. Gearoge C. MArshall, the General, made sure the American troops were well prepared. -
Britain Sinks the Bismarck
When Germany entered World War 2 , their prize possession was the Bismarck, a German fleet. Britain sunk it in 1941. -
Genocide of Jews
Hitler planned to carry out a genocide, or the total destruction of Jews. -
Japan attacks Hong Kong, Singapore, The Dutch East Indies, and Burma.
At the start of the War in the Pacific, Japan made advances after successfully destroying American base Pearl Harbor. They captured allthe areas listed above. -
Douglas MacArthur leads troops to defend the Philippines
The areas the Japanese were making advances on were part of American-controlled land. General MacArthur led the defense of the island chain. His troops were poorly equipped, especially compared to Japanese forces. -
Period: to
Holocaust
The genocidal campaign against Jews during world war 2. -
Executive order 9066
An executive order given by President Roosevelt that gave armed forces the power to establish military zones. It also gave the forces the power to force people or groups to leave these zones. The clear goal of the order was to remove people of Japanese heritage from the western United States. -
Rosie the Riveter
A symbolic figure that represented women helping with the world war efforts, like factory jobs. -
The Battle of Stalingrad
The Germans attacked Stalingrad in August, 1942 where the Soviets defended it, and won against Germany with a counterattack. -
Bataan Death March
At this time, general MacArthur was ordered to leave his men. For five days and nights, the Japanese forced the starving and sick soldiers to march through the Batan forest. Thousands of soldiers died. -
Internment
The forced relocation and confinement to the camps. This was taking place in the early 1940s. -
Rationing
The U.S. enforced rationing before World War 2, which limited the amount of a certain product each individual can get. Most people willingly accepted the system., -
Battle of the Midway
The Japanese military had planned an attack on U.S. ships to destroy what was left of their naval forces. The Amricans knew the date for the planned attack, and used that to their advantage. They took a victory. -
Operation Torch
A plan led by lieutenant general dwight D. Eisenhower, it called for Americna forces to in vade the North African Countries Of Morrocco and Algeria in November, 1942. -
Tuskegee Airmen
A segregated unit of African Americans the first ever to recieve training as pilots in th U.S. military. -
Operation Overlord
The plan devised by Allied forces to invade mainland Europe. -
Baby Boom
The two decades after WW2 were the begining of the baby boom, which was a dramatic rise in birth rate. The postwar economy was good as a result of this. -
D-Day
The day the Allied forces set out on operation Overlord. -
GI Bill
President Roosevelt signed the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944. "GI" stands for government issue, and was a nickname for memebers of the armed forces. The bill aimed to help veternas make an easy transition into civillian life. -
Battle of the Bulge
A surprise attack from the Germans threatening to win back important ground from the Allies -
Yalta Conference
A conference of the Allied leaders, held in Yalta, Soviet Union. The main goal was for Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin, or "the big three," to reach an agreement on what to do with the soon to be conquered Germany. -
Battle of Iwo Jima
American forces planned to take control of the tiny volcanic isalnd called Iwo Jima. They outnumbered Japanese defense. If it came down to a win or loss defined by body count, the Americans definitely won. -
Battle of Okinawa
Allied troops invaded Okinawa, where the Japs usede the area to their advantage. Despite the giant loss, Americans finally gained control of the island in June 1945. -
V-E Day
"Victory in Europe Day," when Germany surrendered following Hitler's death. -
United Nations
Representatives from 50 countries met in San Fansisco to establish the organizzation called the United Nations. It was meant to prevent future wars. -
Potsmdam Conference
ALlied leaders me3t in the German city of Potsdam, as there was growing American concern that communism and Soviet influence might sppread in the postwar world. President Truman had hoped that if he could get the Soviet leader to live up to jis promises from Yalta. it was not a success. -
Atomic Bombs dropped in okinawa and Hiroshima
American B-29 named the Enola Gay flew over the city of Hiroshima and dropped the bomb. Truman planned to drop the bomb in Japanses cities, but gave them one more chance to surrender before doing so. They refused to surrender. -
V-J Day
The day known to the Allies in which the Japanese emperor announced the end of the war. -
Iron curtain
The iron curtain was former British Prime minister Winston Churchill's plan to stop Eastern Europe from falling under dictaorship. -
Communism Spreads
In Greece, Soviet-supported Communists were trying to take advantage of economic problems from after the war. -
Truman doctrine
President Truman's policy that gave financial and militry help to Greece and Turkey. The plan was to resist Soveit expansion. -
Hollywood Ten
HUAC elected Hollywood writers and directors who supposedly had radical point of views. When the HUAC asked them questions about their views, 10 of them refused to share their opinions, and didnt speak at all. They were found guilty (Contempt of congress) and served a year in jail. -
Central Intelligence Agency
The CIA was formed to gather info about foreign gonverments. This included spying. -
Thurgood Marshall
A man who worked with the NAACP specifically to help segregation in education. -
The Marshall Plan
Secratary of state, and military leader George C. Marshall devised a program to help Europe get out of their economic situation, which was very weak. The aid bught food and farm equipment, and rebuilt factories and homes. -
Fair Deal
After winning the presidential election of 1948, Truman set out to execute his plan called the Fair Deal. this included a federal health insurance program and new funding for education. -
General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
GATT was an international organization designed to promote economic cooperation. -
Berlin Airlift
The Soviets blocked citizens from food, coal, and other needs as a result of Britain and America planning for a democratic government. British and American airplanes flew supplies to West Berlin. -
world Bank/ International Monetary Fund
The World Bank was menat to help poor countries build their economies. the IMF was created to encourage economic policies that advocated internatinal trade. -
Universal Declaration of Human Rights`
This was a document that set high goals for all nations participating in the UN. For example, it called for a variety of civil rights. -
The Second Red Scare
When the Soviet Union had possesion of an atomic weapon, and
communists gained control of China, the Second Red Scare took place, and the U.S. was afraid of Communism spreading. -
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was an alliance between the U.S., Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Norway, and Portugal. -
McCarran Act
This required Communist organizations to register with the government in order to establish a special board to investigate Communist Involvement, -
Joseph McCarthy/ McCarthyism
McCarthy was known as the nations top communist fighter. McCarthyism was the tactic of spreasing fear. -
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The Korean War
North Korean troops passed the 38th parallel and invaded south korea, where the U.S. was in charge of. -
Hydrogen Bomb Test
Scientists got past the challenges of creating the Hydrogen Bomb, and tested it. The explosion was way larger than expected. This put the U.S. ahead of the Soviets. -
Brinkmanship
Secratary of State John Foster Dulles favored building more nuclear weapons. He believed this would stop the Soviets. Dulle's belief was part of a policy known as brinkmaship, which was the diplomatic art of going to the brink of war without actually going to war. -
Domino Theory
the theory of how communism would spread according to president Eisenhower. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
This case was a combonation of several cases dealing with segregation in schools. Chief Justice Earl Warren, and all other 9 justices decided that segregation in schools violated the Constitution. -
Geneva Conference
The goal of this conference was towork out a peace agreement and plan for indochina's future. -
Warsaw pact
This was a military alliance formed by the Soviets with the Soviet-dominated countries of Eastern Europe. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
At this time, AfricanAmericans were forced to sit in the back of the bus. This boycott worked to change that for colored people. it was led by MLK. It created hardships for African AMericans because they needed the bus to get to their jobs. -
Rosa Parks
A women who refused to give up her seat for a white people on the bus, and got arrested for it. She affected the NAACP in a positive way. -
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Vietnam War
Fought between north vietnam with soviet allies, and south vietnam with American allies. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
This group was meant to organize protest activities that took place across the region. MLK was elected leader. -
The Little Rock Nine
The 9 African American students who were spat at and had their clothes torn on their first day of desegregated school. They had to be gaurded at their graduation. -
Sputnik
Sputnik was the first satellite ever launched, and it was launched by the Soviets. -
ICMB
Intercontinential Ballistic Missiles could travel thousands of miles and strike very close to the target they're aiming at. -
Civil War in Vietnam
The U.S. intervened with the reunification of north and south vietnam, as they did not want the south to fall nder communism, and this caused conflict in vietnam, leading to war. -
Sit-in Movement
The sit-ins were a technique with a mixture of MLK's, Ghandi's, and James Lawson's strategies/ teachings. Protesters would sit until arrested -
Voting Rights Reform
This reform made sure that each citizen's vote has equal weight, "one person, one vote." -
Hippie Culture
Also known as the counterculture, hippie culture was "a rebellion of teens and young adults against mainstream American Society. -
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Women's Movement
A time where women fought for equal rights to men. This included labor rights, breaking the traditional values of stay at home moms, feminism, and the National Organization for Women. -
The Bay of Pigs invasion
The CIA was secretely training about 1500 Cuban exiles to invade Cuba. The goal was to overthrow Fidel Castro. President Kennedy feared that communism would spread and gave the ok for the invasion. -
The Great Debates
Americans watched VP Richard Nixon and Senator John Kennedy in the first televised Presidential debates. -
Freedom Riders
To continue the non-violent acts in protest, members of the CORE decided to have African Americans go on a bus ride. These freedom riders would go into the whites-only waiting rooms and try o use the facilities. -
Albany Movement
This tactic led by MLK was to use nonviolence and fill all the jails. once the jails were full of protesters, they wouldn't be able to arrest any more and they would have to give in to what King and the protesters wanted. -
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American Indian Movement
Also called AIM, those in the movement wanted "renewal of traditional cultures, economic independence, and better education for indian children." -
The Space Program
President Kennedy wanted to "restore world prestiege" in America, so he asked Congress to fund the space program, which was part of the Cold War and beating the Soviets. -
The Berlin Crisis, The Vienna Conference, and The Berlin Wall
At the Vienna conference, Kennedy hoped to relieve some tension with the Soviet Union. Krushchev demanded that the U.S. and its allies see Communist East Germany as a independent nation. Kennedy set out to build the Berlin wall, which divided families, neighbors, and streets. -
24th Amendment
The ammendment banned states from taxing citizens to vote. This was only relevent for voting for presidents at this time. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Bay of Pigs and th Berlin Crisis pushed Krushechev to be more aggresive. The Soviets admitted that SAMs were deffensive missles when the U-2 spy plane sent by kennedy detected them. Kennedy responded that if the Soviets were lying about the SAMs being deffensive, then an issue would arise. -
Birmingham Campaign
King raised money to fund a campaign against Birmingham's segregation laws. King and many others were jailed. -
March on Washington
This march was for jobs and freedom. It was the largest Civil Rights movement ever held in the U.S. This was when MLK delivered his "I have a Dream" speech. -
Kennedy Assassination
President Kennedy rode in an open car and was shot. His death shocked the nation. After his death, the nation was still working to achieve his goals. -
War on Poverty
Johnson asked congress to pass te Economic Oppourtunity Act to launch the war on poverty. This was an anti-poverty program. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
President Kennedy announced that he would ask legislation to end segregation laws. This act banned discrimination in employment and in public accomodations. -
Malcolm X
Supporter of black power and racial harmony. -
The Great Society
Johnson wanted to execute his own plans as well as Kennedy's, so he used the phrase The Great Society to symbolize domestic programs of his administration. -
Free Speech Movement
This was a movement advocating for the ability to say what you'd like to say, when you'd like to say it. Students on campuses across the nation aimed to gain the right of free speech. -
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
The resolution allowed the president ot take any necessarry measures to stop U.S. forces against attack. -
Operation Rolling Thunder
a bombing campaign over north vietnam. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This gave the federal government tools to allow African Americans to finally vote. -
Cesar Chavez
A Mexican American activist who led the National Farmworkers strike. -
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National Farmworkers Strike
Mexican-American workers joined filipino workers on a strike to raise their hourly wages. Cesar Cahvez lead the strike. This improved the life of farm workers who migrated to the U.S. The working conditions were better as well. -
Medicaid/ Medicare
Medicaid was a program that provided free health care for those in poverty. Medicare was a health program for people over the age of 65. This was part of Johnson's Great Society. -
Johnson Doctrine
The Jonhson Doctrine served as a guideline for intervention, as president Johnson was fully commited to stop the spread of Communism. -
Black Power/ Black Panther Party
Black power was African American's dependence on themselves to solve a problem. The Black Panther party called for violence for African american liberation. -
National Organization for Women
Also called "NOW," this group of feminists sought to fight gender discrimination in schools, workplace, and the justice system. -
Equal Rights Amendment
Also known as the ERA, this amendment garunteed equal treatment for men and women in all areas, not limited to the workforce. -
Antiwar Movements- Protests
A large anti-war movement began, and there was a lot of activity on college campuses. Students, Civil rights workers, doctores, homemakers, retirees, and teachers all participated. -
The Brown Berets
A group created by working students, the Berets fought for bilingual education, better conditions, chicanostudies, and more Chicano teachers. -
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Summer of Love
This was the peak of the hippie movement. In San Fransisco, it was known as the summer of love. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Also known as the Fair Housing Act, this law prohibited discrimination in the sale or retal of housing. -
Tet Offensive
A series of coordinated attacks throughout south vietnam. -
MLK Jr. Assassination
James Earl Ray shot MLK snd enraged African AMericans across the nation. -
SALT 1 Talks
President Nixon entered talks with the Soviets to discuss the Strategic Arms Limitation. (SALT) -
Apollo 11
On this date, Apollo 11 made a successful lift of from the Kennedy Space Center. On board was Neil Armstrong, the first man to land on the moon. -
Pentagon Papers
Secret Government documents published by the New York Times that revealed info about government officials, and how they were misleading americans about the war for years. -
26th Amendment
The amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to18. -
War Powers Act`
This law reaffirms Congress's constitutional right to declare war. -
Roe V. Wade
In this case, abortion was ruled illegal by the Supreme court, and the Constitution responded by saying making abortion illegal would "violate the constitutional right to privacy." A lot of people were against it because it went against religious and moral beliefs. -
Oil Embargo
As a result of the war between Isreal and the Arabs, the Arab oil producing countries decided to refuse shipping oil to the U.S. -
OPEC
The Arab countries that halted the oil shipments to the U.S. were a part of a group called the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. At the time, the U.S. was dependent on OPEC for oil. -
Nixon Resigns,
Nixon resigned after the Watergate Scandal because he was forced to provide tapes he recorded of political discussions, and was in great opposition to sharing them with the public, or anyone. Additionally, Nixon lost many spporters. -
Watergate Scandal
A scandal in which president Nixon had his groupof "plumbers," or men who seeked info of Nixon's oppenents, broke into the offices of the Democratic National Committee in the Watergate complex. Nixon denied having anything to do with it. -
Camp David Accords
This was when president Carter invited Egyptian president and prime minister to Camp David to discuss their past differences and tensions. -
Soviets invade Afghanistan
In 1978, the Afghan goverment took a turn for the worse. Although the new leader was friendly to the Soviets, they saw it as a chance to invade Afghanistan. They did this to keep communst rule around. -
SALT II TALKS
The continuation of SALT I talks between the Soviets an dthe U.S. This called for certain limits on nuclear weapons. -
Iran Hostage Crisis
A mob attacked the American embassy in Iran's capitol. This happened under Islam's new leader. Americans at home were outraged. -
Supply-Side Economics
the theory that tax cuts and business incentives stimulate investment. Reaganomics was based off of this. -
Strategic Defense Initiative
This was a shield in space to protect the U.S. from Soviet missiles. -
Mikhail Gorbachev
New leader of the Soviets in 1985. He felt the only way to save the Soviet economoy was to propose a deal with America. -
Iran-Contra Affair
Caused by the National Security Council staff secretley diverted money from the illegal arms sales to the Contras in nicaragua. -
INF Treaty
This ordered the destruction of a whole class of weapons. -
Soviet Empire Collapses`
A plan to save the failing Soviet government, Grobachev created a new era called glasnost aka "opening." He lifted media censorship, and gave citizens more freedom in speech. Perestroika was the reconstruction of the gov't. -
Tiananmen Square Massacre
Chinese government had tanks fire on unarmed citizens protesting for reform in the communist government. -
Fall of Berlin Wall
Although the new leader of the Soviet Union was popular amongst Europeans, and he was more liberal, the Berlin Wall was still there, and posed as a symbol of Soviet communism. -
Persian Gulf War
Irag invaded Kuwait. Iraq leader Saddam Hussein was ordered to leave by a certain date, but when he refused, U.S. troops intervened and bombed Iraq and Kuwait. -
Operation Desert Storm
A campaign for a non-nuclear war.
