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Attack in Sarajevo
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (archduke of Eastern Austria, was archduke of Austria, imperial prince of Austria, royal prince of Hungary and Bohemia), was assassinated along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist. This triggered the First World War. -
The beggining of the World War I
The First World War, also called the Great War, was a global military conflict, although centered in Europe, that began on July 28, 1914 and ended on November 11, 1918, when Germany accepted the conditions of the armistice. The Austrian Empire declares war on Serbia. Beginning of the Great War. -
Germany launches the Schlieffen plan
The Schlieffen plan consisted of quickly overtaking the French troops in the north, by means of a rapid attack through the Netherlands (Holland), before Russia - an ally of the Triple Entente - could mobilize its troops and go on the offensive, forcing Germany to fight on two fronts. -
The german invasion of Belgium
On August 3, Germany declared war on France and on August 4, on Belgium, while a German army entered the country on its way to France. The Germans invade Belgium to attack the French from the north. -
Germany conquers Belgium
The German invasion of Belgium was a military campaign that began on August 4, 1914. Previously, on July 24, the Belgian government had announced that if war came, it would maintain its historical neutrality. -
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First battle of the Marne
The French army of General Joffre stopped the German army. The result was an Allied victory over the German army.1 The battle was the peak of the German advance into France and the persecution they subjected the Allied armies to after the August border battles and which reached the outskirts of Paris. . -
North Sea blockade and trench warfare
Trench warfare or fort warfare. Trench warfare arose from a revolution in firearms. There were periods of trench warfare in the Civil War (1861-1865) and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, but it reached its peak of brutality and mortality on the Western Front of World War I (1914). -1918). They reached a depth of between one and two meters, and they connect. -
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German double front war
It was opened in 1915 after the army of the German Empire invaded Belgium and Luxembourg, thereby gaining military control of important industrial areas in France. The advance of the Empire suffered a dramatic turn after the first battle of the Marne, where the alliance between France and the United Kingdom won. -
RMS Lusitania
The British passenger ship "Lusitania" was hit by a torpedo fired by a German submarine. (RMS Lusitania) -
Italy enters the war
Italy joined World War II in June 1940 as an ally of Germany, eager to establish a new Italian empire. Italy occupied territory in Yugoslavia (1941), Greece (1941), and a small portion of southern France (1942). -
Trench wars getting tougher
There were periods of trench warfare in the Civil War (1861-1865) and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, but it reached its peak of brutality and mortality on the Western Front of World War I (1914). -1918). -
Britain starts using tanks and Austria uses poison gas
Poison gas was one of the determining factors in many war situations. These gases ranged from tear gas, to mustard gas and phosgene, the most lethal gas used in combat. -
Germany feels the blockade of the North Sea
In response to Britain's blockade of the North Sea, the Germans intensified their campaign. The waters surrounding Britain were declared a war zone, in which any ship could be sunk. -
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The Battle of Verdun
The Battle of Verdun was one of the bloodiest of the Great War. After almost ten months and 700,000 casualties between French and German, the border had barely moved. However, France was victorious because she managed to repel the enemy. -
The Battle of Somme
On July 1, 1916, the United Kingdom launched an assault on the German trenches at the Battle of the Somme, and for the next five months its soldiers suffered, died and were wounded in one of the most terrifying battles of attrition of the First War. World. -
The Emperor of Austria-Hungary dies (Internal crisis)
Francisco José died in peace and serenity in the middle of the war, on November 21, 1916, after having gone to communion and dealt with matters of State that same morning. -
Russia signs the armistice
After the triumph of the Communist Revolution, Russia signed an armistice and withdrew from the War. -
Germany uses submarine warfare without restrictions
This situation will cause Germany to begin unrestricted submarine warfare on February 1, 1917. (De la Sierra, 2006, 298-302). The CSS H. L. Hunley was the first submarine to sink an enemy ship during combat. -
Russian Revolution (comes out of war)
Imperial tsarist regime and the prepared establishment of another, republican Leninist regime, between February and October 1917, which led to the creation of the Socialist Republic. -
US entry into the war
The United States entered the war on behalf of the Allies because attacks by German submarines would not allow their ships to supply them with products. -
Flu epidemic
During the war, the population weakened and this led to epidemics such as the Influenza Epidemic in 1918, also known as the Spanish Flu. This caused the death of more than 40 million people. The German Spring Offensive, a last desperate push to achieve victory, is met with fierce resistance from the Allies and ultimately fails. -
The Peace of Brest-Litovsk
Some time after signing the armistice, Russia signed the Peace of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers. In this he gave up several of her territories. Lenin's Russian government signs peace with Germany. German offensive on the Western Front. -
Germany's last offensive against France
The Hundred Days Offensive (August 8 to November 11, 1918) was a series of massive Allied offensives that ended World War I. -
Signing of the Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles seals the peace that the victors impose on the defeated without the possibility of negotiation. On June 28, 1919, in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles, Germany signed the most hated treaty in contemporary history with the allies. -
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The Second Battle of the Marne
The Second Battle of the Marne or Battle of Reims was the last major German offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. The attack failed when an Allied counterattack led by French and American forces. The German army is defeated and begins a clear retreat. -
Türkiye calls for armistice
Continuing defeats in Syria and Mesopotamia, and the arrival of the English in Anatolia precipitated Turkey's capitulation with the signing of the armistice on the island of Mudros on October 30. … In September, Hindemburg and Ludendorff asked the Kaiser to begin negotiations for an immediate armistice. -
Allies agree to Germany's armistice request
The armistice is signed between the Allies and the Central Powers, ending the First World War. Also known as the Armistice of Compiègne after the place where it was signed at 5:45 by French Marshal Foch, it came into force at 11:00 Paris time on November 11, 1918 and marked a victory for the allies and a defeat for Germany, although not formally a surrender. -
Treaty of Versailles
It was the harshest peace treaty, in which Germany became responsible for the war, persevered its colonies and other territories, had to reduce its army to 100,000 men, pay compensation that left an enormous debt... -
Society of nations
It was founded according to one of Wilson's 14 points, based in Geneva. It sought to promote international cooperation, peace and security and temporarily administer the colonies and territories of the defeated countries. The US, the USSR, or the defeated countries did not participate. -
Demographic consequences
- Military and civilian consequences: The huge loss of human lives, caused a decline in the birth rate.
- Living conditions: deteriorated with privation and disease.
- Spanish flu: in 1918-1919, a flu pandemic caused an additional 50–100 million deaths around the world.
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Social consequences
- Women had a stronger presence in the job market, replacing men who had gone off to fight.
- The war diminished the prestige of the ruling classes who had brought this disaster on their countries.
- Post-war society would be much more egalitarian. Workers’ parties and labour unions were strengthened.
- Optimism was replaced by pessimism and disillusionment.
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Economic consequences
- National economies: this war changed the government's role. The winners accrued enormous debts. Debt led to hyperinflation (1922-1923).
- Global economy: Europe lost its economic supremacy. The United States became the world's leading economic power. Other countries, Argentina, established their presence in the international economy.
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Political consequences
World War I has been called the ‘suicide of Europe’ because Europe emerged from the war politically and morally weakened.- Nationalism: The defeat of the Central Powers marked the end of the last empires on the continent. Winners retained their colonial empires and expanded them, nationalism also spread to the colonies.
- The failure of peace: The peace came too late. The weakness of the league of Nations made it difficult to resolve all the disputes that arose during the interwar period.