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Allies
The Triple Entente, later known as the Allies, consisted of France, Britain, and Russia.
The Triple Alliance consisted of Germany, AustriaHungary, and Italy -
Central Powers
Germany and AustriaHungary, together with the Ottoman Empire an empire of mostly
Middle Eastern lands controlled by the Turks were later knonw as Central Powers. The alliances
provided a measure of international security because nations were reluctant to disturb the balance of
power. As it turned out, a spark set off a major conflict. -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
As the royal entourage drove through the city, Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip stepped
from the crowd and shot the Archduke and his wife Sophie. -
Schlieffen Plan
The Schlieffen Plan was a plan called for a holding action against Russia, combined with
a quick drive through Belgium to Paris; after France had fallen, the two German armies would defeat
Russia. -
Sinking of British Liner Lusitania
UBoat sank the British liner Lusitania off the southern coast of Ireland. -
Sinking of British Liner Arabic
UBoat sank another British liner, the Arabic, drowning two Americans. Germany agreed
not to sink any more passenger ships. However, Germany broke its promise. -
Battle of Somme
lasted until midNovember, British suffer 60k casualties on the first day alone
final casualties totaled 1.2 million on 7 mi of ground changed hands trench warfare continue for 3 years
British and French Allies fight the German Empire. It was one of the largest battles of
WW1. -
Sinking of French Passenger Line Sussex
Germany torpedoed an unarmed French steamer and 80 passengers including some
Americans were killed or injured.
US warn that it ould break diplomatic relations unless Germany changed its tactics, G condition: if
US could not persuade B to lift its blockade against food and fertilizers, G would consider renewing
unrestircted submarine warfare -
National War Labor Board
Workers who refused to obey board decisions could lose their draft exemptions. “Work or
fight,” the board told them. However, the board also worked to improve factory conditions. It pushed
for an eighthour workday, promoted safety inspections, and enforced the child labor ban. -
Zimmerman Note
was a 1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire offering a military alliance with Mexico, in the event of the United States entering World War I against Germany. The proposal was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence. -
Selective Service Act
Congress pass: act required men to register witht eh government in order to be
randomly selected for milittary service
by end of 1918 24 million men had registered, almost 3 million called up
2 million reached Europe before truce was signed and 3/4 saw actual combat
1/5 foreign born, most did not attend highschool -
Convoy System
American Vice Admiral William S. Sims convinced the
British to try the convoy system, in which a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back
and forth across the Atlantic in groups. -
War Industries Board
The main regulatory body was the War Industries Board. It was established in 1917 and
reorganized in 1918 under the leadership of Bernard M. Baruch, a prosperous businessman. The
board encouraged companies to use massproduction techniques to increase efficiency. -
Second Battle of Marne
the last major German Spring Offensive on the Western Front during the First World War.
1917 Russia pulled out, G focus on western fron in F
May, within 50 mi of Paris
US come to stop advance at Catigny
Us throwing back G attacks at ChateauThierry and Belleau Wood
July/Aug helped win second battle of Marne, tide turn for Central powers -
Cease‐fire and Armistice
although no Allied soldiers on G ground and no true decisive battle, G 11th hour, 11th
day, 11th month, agree to ceasefire and signed armistice that ended war -
Austria‐Hungary Surrenders to the Allies
same day= German sailors mutinied against gov authority, mutiny spreads
in G, groups of soldiers and workers organized revolutionary councils
Nov 9, Socialist leaders in capital Berlin establish German republic, Kaiser give up throne -
Establishment of the German Republic
same day= German sailors mutinied against gov authority, mutiny spreads
in G, groups of soldiers and workers organized revolutionary councils
Nov 9, Socialist leaders in capital Berlin establish German republic, Kaiser give up th -
Food Administration
to help produce and conserve food, WIlson set up under Herbert Hoover
instead of rationing food, called on ppl to follow the "gospel of clean plate"
one day meatless, one sweetless, two wheatless, two porkless
restaurants removed sugar bowls and served bread only after first course
"victory gardens", students afterschool grow tomatoes and cucumbers in parks; american food
shipments to Allies tripled
high gov price on wheat/staples, add 40 mill acres to production, increase income 30% -
Committee on Public Information
also known as the CPI or the Creel Committee, was an independent agency of the government of the United States created to influence U.S. public opinion regarding American participation in World War I. -
Establishment of the German Republic
same day= German sailors mutinied against gov authority, mutiny spreads
in G, groups of soldiers and workers organized revolutionary councils
Nov 9, Socialist leaders in capital Berlin establish German republic, Kaiser give up throne
