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Allies
two major defense alliances in Europe The Triple Entente, later know as Allies consisted of France, Britian, and Russia. Then there was The Triple Alliance: Germany Austria-Hungary, and Italy. -
Central Powers
Germany and Austria-Hungary [togehter Ottoman Empire] were later known as the Central Power. The alliance provided inrternationalsecurity becuase nations were relunctant to disturb the balance of power. -
1914 Assasinationof Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Archeduke Franz Ferdinand was heir to the Austrian throne and on his vist to the Bosnian Capital Sarajevo was shot as he drove through the city serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip stepped from the crowd and shot the archduke and his wife Sophie. -
Schlieffen Plan
Germany invaded Belgium following the strategy aka the Schlieffen plan which called for holding action against Russia comboning a quick drive through Belgium to paris. and after france had fallen the two German armies would defeat Russia. -
Sinking of British Liner Lusitania
DUe to the british blockade the Germans responded with a U-boat, a counterblockade. in one disasterous day a U-boat sank the british liner Lustitania off the southern coast of Ireland. of the 1,198 persons lost 128 were americans. Germnas defended themselves on the grounds that the liner carried ammunition. despite this Americans became enraged with german because of the loss of life. America's public opinion turned against Germnany and the Central Powers. -
Sinking of British Liner Arabic
a U-boat sank another british Liner Arabic drowning two more Americans. agian U.S prtested and this time Germany agreed not to sink any more passenger ships. -
Sinking of French passaenger liner Sussex
Germnany broke its promie and torpedoed an unarmed french passenger steame, the sussex. the sussex sank and about 80 passengers...including americans, were injured or killed. once again U.S warned that it would break off diplomatic relations unless Germany changed tatics. Germany agreed with a condition. If the U.S cant persuade Brtian to lift its blockade against food and fertilizers germany would consider renewing unrestricted submarine warfare. -
Battle of Somme
[until mid-Nov] the british suffered 60,000 casualties on the first day alone. the final casualties totaled about 1.2 billion. but only seven miles of ground changed hands. the trench warfare continued for over three years, armies fought for mere yards of ground but it was bloody and devastating. -
Zimmermann note
The Zimmermann note was a telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was intercepted by british agents. It proposed an allience between Mexico and Germany and promised that if war w/ U.S broke out Germanyy would support Mexico in recovering "Lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona." -
Selective service act of 1917
passed by congress to meet gov. need for more fighting power the act required men to register with the gov. in order to be randomly selected for military service. by the end of the year 1918 24 million men had registered under this act. -
Convoy system
Vice admiral William S. Sims [An American] convinced the british to try the convoy system.its where Heavy gaurds of destoyers escotred merchant ships back and forth across the atlantic in groups. by fall of 1917 shipping losses had been cut in lalf. -
War industries baord
established in the year 1917 and was reorginized in the year 1918 under the leadership of Bernard M. Baruch. The board encourgaged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency. I also urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products. like making only five colors of typewriter ribbons instead of 150. -
Espionage and Sedition Act
[june 1917-May 1918] Congress passed the Espion Act and the Sedation Act. a person could be fined up to 10,000 dollars and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the war effort. -
National War Labot Board
President Wilson established this board in respnce to the disputes between management and labor. Workers who refused to obey board desicions could lose thier draft execemptions. "Work or Fight." The voard told them. The board also worked to improve factory conditions. it pushed for ab 8 hour work day, promoted safety inspections and enforced the child labor ban. -
Food administration
To help produce and conserve food preident wilson set up the Food administration under Herbert Hover. He called people to follow the "gospel of clean plates"instead of rationing food. He declared one day a week meatless anther sweetless and two other days porkless. Restuarants removed sugar bowls from tables and served bread only after firsto course meals. -
2nd Battle of the Marne
The turning point of the war in which the allies advanced steadily after defeating Germans. -
Commttee of public Information
The first propaganda agency, committee on public information its a kind of biased cimmunication designed to influence peoples thoughts and actions. The head of CPI was a former muckraking journalist named George Creel. -
Austria-Hungary surrenders to the Allies
They surrender on the same day German sailors mutinied against government authority. -
Cease-fire and Arnistice
There were no Allied soldiers on German territory and no truly decisive battle had been fought the Germnas were to exhasted to continue so at the elevetnh hour on the eleventh day in the eleventh month Germna agreed to a cease fire and signed the Armistice or truce that ended the war. -
Establishment of the German Republic
The mutiny displayed by the Germna sailors spread quickly nad throught Germany groups of soldiers and workers orginized revolutionary councils. on Nov. 9 soicioalit leaders in the capital, berlin, established Germna republic. The kaiser gave up the throne.
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