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Period: to
WORLD WAR 1
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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian empire, as well as his wife, were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip.- a member of 7 Yugoslav nationalists planning to kill the Archduke. Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the killing and because Europe was all under diplomatic alliances to one another- it became a full scale war. “He envisioned the death of the Archduke as the key that would unlock the shackles binding his people to the Austro-Hungarian Empire”. -
Schlieffen Plan.-
was devised by Count Alfred von Schlieffen for German armies to defend themselves if France and Russia decided to attack. They thought that if they sent most of their troops to France and quickly defeated them, they could then attack Russia before france could come to Russias rescue-France and Russia had an Alliance- In striking against France von Schlieffen determined to invade through Belgium- but the Belgians were able to hold up the German advance -
Schlieffen Plan.- continued
The French Troops we able to move rnorth to confront germany and the Russians were able to move their troops much faster than the Germans anticipated - The German army started to retreat to easily-defended areas and set up trenches, and the British and French did the same. The war begun -
Battle of the Marne
Battle of the Marne started- The battle of Marne marked the begging of the trench warfare and the end of the Germans time in France-“(September 6–12, 1914), an offensive during World War I by the French army and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) against the advancing Germans who had invaded Belgium and northeastern France and were within 30 miles (48 km) of Paris. “ -
Battle Of the marne continued
"It resulted in an Allied victory against the German Army under Chief of Staff Helmuth von Moltke the Younger. The battle effectively ended the month long German offensive that opened the war and had reached the outskirts of Paris. The counterattack of six French field armies and one British army along the Marne River forced the German Imperial Army to abandon its push on Paris and retreat northeast, setting the stage for four years of trench warfare on the Western Front. “ -
First Battle of Ypres
This was to be the last battle between Germany and allied forces in the race to the sea. German Troops were located in Antwerp- Belgium and the allied troops in Nieuport- neer Ypres in the North Sea. BEF reinforced French-Belgian troops at Yepres. The battle started on 19 Octobre. German Chief of the General Staff, Erich von Falkenhayn at the same time told his troops to engage the Belgian troops at Yser at the same time Belgian troops at Yser at the same time. -
First Battle of Ypres- continued
He ordered the German Fourth Army to attack the allied troops and seize the city of Yser. On Octobre 31 the attack became two proglonged attacks from the north and south on BEF. Germans were kept at bay by the expert rifelme of the First Corps. Again - Germans attacked on November the 11th in Nun’s Wood- but a regimet of untrained soldiers once again fended them off. By November 22- in the deapths of the horrific Belgium winter Troops were forced to hold battle and German troops then withdrew -
End of 1914- The Trench System from the North Sea to Switzerland
After the attle of marne the German soldiers were forced to retreat to river Aisne. General Erich von Falkenhayn made his men dig trenches to keep the parts of belgium and france they had allready seized. these trenches helped them to defend against the other soldiers from france and from britian. these trenches, a couple of moths later, had spread from the North Sea to Switzerland- 475 miles of trenches. - The Trench System -
First Zeppelin Rade on Britian
Before this point, britian civilians had never been directly effected by the war until the airships filled with hydrogen covered in still frame work released up to two tons of bombs located inside the stucture onto Britian. L3 and L4- the two Zeppelin airships flew straight over england carrying 25 incendinary devices and 8 bombs and realeaced them onto industrial and military buildings. -
Allied troops landed in Gallipoli
taking plave on the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli A combined British Empire and French operation aiming to capture the Ottoman capital of Constantinople- The attempt failed, and an estimated 505,000 soldiers were killed and 262,000 wounded. -
The “Lusitania” was sunk by a German U-boat
A British ocean liner famous for its duelux accomodation, called RMS Lusitania, carrying 1,959 people, was sunk by a torpedo from the German U-boat, U-20. The Lusitania sunk within 18 minutes- killing around 61% of the people of board. 128 of them were US citizans and as "Destroying ships not known to be carrying war materials countered generally accepted international war protocols", the Lusitania "helped sway American opinion in favor of joining the war". -
Start of the Battle of Loos
The battle at Loos was designed to push back the Germans in a two-pronged offensive.
the opening of the battle was noteworthy for the first use of poison gas by the British Army. Despite heavy casualties, there was considerable success on the first day in breaking into the deep enemy positions near Loos and Hulluch. But the reserves had been held too far from the battle front to be able to exploit the successes and succeeding days bogged down into attritional warfare for minor gains. -
The Allies started the evacuation of Gallipoli
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Start of the Battle of the Somme
1916
"24 June: beginning of a week-long shelling of German positions
1 July: British and French forces begin first offensive on German lines
12 September: New Zealand artillery fire poison-gas shells for the first time
15 September: second major offensive on German lines; first use of tanks, by the British
15 September: New Zealand Division assists in capturing village of Flers
25or 27 September: New Zealand Division involved in attacks at Morval and Thiepval Ridge"
4 October: New Zealand infant -
First use of masse of tanks at the Somme
During the Battle of the Somme, the British launch a major offensive against the Germans, employing tanks for the first time in history. yet wehn they went into battle they were subject to mechanical breakdown and too slow to hold thier positions . -
USA declared war on Germany
to "make the world safe for democracy", President Wilson asked for a declaration of war against Germany. -
Start of the Third Battle at Ypres
This battle was aimed to break through the german defence on Ypres salient. "The battle comprised of a series of limited and costly offensives, often undertaken in the most difficult of waterlogged conditions - a consequence of frequent periods of rain and the destruction of the Flanders' lowlands drainage systems by intense artillery bombardmen" -
Britain launched a major offensive on the Western Front
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Armistice between Germany and Russia signed
"On March 3, 1918 the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is signed. Russia withdraws from the war. For Germany, this means the end fighting on two fronts releasing troops to fight against the Allies on the Western Front. " -
Britain captured Jerusalem from the Turks
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The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed between Russia and Germany
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk brought about the end of the war between Russia and Germany in 1918. -
Second Battle of the Marne started. The start of the collapse of the German army
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Turkish forces collapsed at Megiddo
famous as the last great cavalry victory- it was the climactic battle of the British invasion of Palestine. -
Germany signed an armistice with the Allies – the official date of the end of World War One.
