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Central Powers
The group made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. -
Allies
The group made up of Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States. -
1914 Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
In 1917, Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip stepped from the crowd and shot the Archduke and his wife Sophie -
Schlieffen Plan
This plan called for a holding action against Russia, combined with a quick drive through Belgium to Paris; after France had fallen, the
two German armies would defeat Russia. -
Sinking of the British Liner Lusitania
A German U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania off the southern coast of Ireland. 128 American lives were lost and American
public opinion turned against Germany and the Central Powers. -
Sinking of the British Liner Arabic
Three months later another U-boat sunk the Arabic, drowning 2 Americans. Again the United States protested, and this time Germany agreed not to sink any more passenger
ships. -
Sinking of the French passenger Liner Sussex
Germany torpedoed and an unarmed French passenger steamer, the Sussex, killing 80 people including Americans. the U.S, threatened it would break off diplomatic relations unless Germany changed its tactics. -
Battle of Somme
This three year war resulted in final casualties totaling about 1.2 million, yet only about seven miles of ground changed hands -
Trench Warfare
A type of fighting where they sit in trenches to hide and pop up to shoot -
Wilson's "Peace Without Victory Speech"
Wilson made a speech proposing that neither side would impose harsh terms on the other. Wilson hoped that all nations would join
in a “league for peace” that would work to extend democracy, maintain freedom of the seas, and reduce armaments. -
Zimmermann Note
A telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was intercepted by British agents. The telegram proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany and promised that if war with the United States broke out, Germany would support Mexico in recovering “lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.” -
Germany Blockades the North Sea
Germany’s response to the blockade soon outraged
American public opinion. -
Eugene V. Debs Arrest
was handed a ten-year prison sentence for speaking out against the war and the draft. The anarchist Emma Goldman received a
two-year prison sentence and a $10,000 fine for organizing the No
Conscription League. -
Wilson's 14 points
These were points that led to peace -
Selective Service Act of 1917
t required men to register with the government
in order to be randomly selected for military service -
369th Infantry Regiment
They saw more continuous duty on the front lines than any other American regiment. Two soldiers of the 369th, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts, were the first Americans to receive France’s highest military honor, the Croix de Guerre—the “cross of war.” -
Espionage and Sedition Acts
a person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort. -
Convoy System
A system in which a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups to. -
Bolshevik Revolution
Led by Lenin and Trotsky, the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government. They setup a Communist state and sought peace with the Central Powers. -
American Expeditionary Force and General John J. Pershing
Included men from widely separated parts of the country. They had never ventured far from the farms or small towns where they lived and war was horrifying -
War Industries Board
The board encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency. It also urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products -
Shell Shock, Trench Foot, and Trench Mouth
Shell Shock- a complete emotional collapse from which many never recovered.
Trench Foot- caused by standing in cold wet trenches for long periods of time without changing into dry socks or boots
Trench Mouth- A painful infection of the gums and throat -
Food Administrations
To help produce and conserve food, Wilson set up the Food Administration under Herbert Hoover. Instead of rationing food, he
called on people to follow the “gospel of the clean plate.” -
Anti- German Sentiment in America
inflamed hatred and violations of the civil liberties of certain ethnic groups and opponents of the war. -
Emma Goldman
The anarchist Emma Goldman received a two-year prison sentence and a $10,000 fine for organizing the No Conscription League -
Big Bill Haywood and the 1ww
Other leaders of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) were accused of sabotaging the war effort because they urged workers to strike for better conditions and higher pay. Haywood was sentenced to a long prison term -
Victor Burger
He was a leader in tbhe war and he made decisions -
Agreements made in the treaty of Versailles
Created peace between countries -
Reperations and the war guild clause
it helped rebuild after the war -
Second Battle of the Marne
The Americans helped France win the Second Battle of the Marne -
Conscientious Objector
A person who opposes warfare on moral grounds, pointing out that the Bible says, “Thou shalt not kill.” -
National War Labor Board
Workers who refused to obey board decisions could lose their draft exemptions. “Work or fight,” the board told them. However, the board also worked to improve factory conditions. -
Committee on Public Information and the Four Minute Men
To popularize the war, the government set up the nation’s first propaganda agency -
Austria-Hungary surrenders to the Allies
That same day, German sailors mutinied against government authority. The mutiny spread quickly. -
Establishment of the German Republic
socialist leaders in the capital,
Berlin, established a German republic. The kaiser gave up the throne. -
Cease-fire and armistance
Germans were too exhausted to continue fighting. They agreed to a cease-fire and signed the armistice, or truce, that ended the war. -
Raising Money for the War
The government raised about one-third of this amount through taxes, including a progressive income tax
