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Allies
in WWI, the group of natiosn-- originally consisting of Great Britain, France, Russia and late joined by the US, Italy and others-- that opposed the Central Powers -
Central Powers
the group of nations-- led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire-- that opposed the Allies in World War I. -
1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
heir to the Austrian throne, visited Bosnian capital Sarajevo. As the royal entourage drove through the city, Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip stepped from the crowd and shot the Black Hand, an organization promoting Serbian nationalism. The assassinations touched off a diplomatic crisis. -
Schlileffen Plan
Germany invaded Belgium, following a strategy known as the Schlieffen Plan.This plan called for a holding aaction against Russia, combined with a quick drive through Belgium to Paris; after France had fallen, the two German armies would defeat Russia. As German troops swept across Belgium, thousands of civilians fled in terror. In Brussels, the Belgian capital, an American war correspondent described the first major refugee crisis of the 20th century. -
Sinking of the Lusitania
a U-Boat sank this British ship off the southern coast of Ireland: 1200 lost, 120 americans. American's became angry and turned against germany and the Central Powers -
Sinking of the Arabic
U-Boat sank another British liner drowning 2 Americans. Americans protested and Germany promised not the sink any more passenger ships -
Sinking of French liner Sussex
Germany broke the promise and torpedoed an unarmed ship with 80 passengers sinking (some Americans). Americans again warned that it would break off diplomatic relations unless Germany changed its tactics. Germany agreed with one condition: if the US could not persuade Britain to lift its blockade against food and fertilizers, germany would consider renewing unrestricted submarine warefare -
Battle of the Somme
lasted until mid-November--the British suffered 60000 casualties the first day alone. Final casualties totaled about 1.2 million, yet only about 7 miles of ground changed hands. This bloody trench warfare, in which armies fought for mere yards of ground, continued for over three years. Elsewhere, the fighting was just as devastating and inconclusive -
Zimmerman Note
a telegram form the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was intercepted by British agents. The telegram proposed an alliance between both Mexico and Germany if US entered the war. They did this so they can help recover Texas, Arizona, New Mexico. -
Selective Service Act of 1917
the act required men to reister with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service. By the end of 1918, 24 million men registered. -
Committee on Public Info
first propoganda agency, head was George Creel. Creel persuaded the nation's artists and advertising agencies to publish things promoting the war. -
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Congress passed the Espionage Act and May 1918 the Sedition Act. Under these acts, a person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort -
Convoy System
in which a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups -
War Industries Board
established in 1917 but reorganized in 1918 under the leadership of Bernard Baruch, a prosperous businessman. The board encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency -
Food Administration
to help produce and conserve food, Wilson set up the FA under Herbert Hoover. Instead of rationing food, he called on people to follow the "gospel of a clean plate." One day was meatless, one was sweetless, two was wheatless and two was porkless. -
Second Battle of the Marne
the turning point of the war, Allies advance steadily after defeating the Germans -
Austria-Hungary surrenders to the Allies
that same day, German sailors mutinied against government authority. The mutiny spread quickly. -
Establishment of the German Republic
socialist leaders in the capital, Berlin, established a German republic. The kaiser gave up the throne -
Cease-fire and armistice
Germany made a truce that ended the war
