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This was about the concept natural rights, life, liberty, and property. -
This advocated for branches in the government that had balanced distribution of power. -
A collection of knowledge that aimed to disperse Enlightenment ideas a wider audience. Here is a link to photos https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die
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This work was about citizens agreeing to give up some freedoms in exchange for the protection of a government. But that they have the right to abolish the government if it fails to uphold these rights. -
This famous revolution was heavily influenced by Enlightenment ideals and lead to the founding of a new nation based off of ideas like individual liberty and representative government. https://www.archives.gov/research/military/american-revolution/pictures
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Calonne suggests taxing the privileged classes, but the assembly refuses to take responsibility. Instead, the assembly suggests convening the Estates-General, which has not met since 1614. -
The Estates General composed of representatives from The First Estate (the clergy), The Second Estate (the nobility), and the Third Estate (the lower classes) meet and they are immediately divided over the issue of whether to count by head or to give each estate equal votes. -
With the distribute in votes the Third Estate (and some from the clergy) declares themselves as the National Assembly. They threaten to proceed without the other two estates. -
The dispute over the voting leads to the Third Estate (and some of the clergy) to declare themselves as the National Assembly. And they threaten to proceed without the other two estates.
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Royal officials lock the National Assembly out of the meeting hall so they gathered on the kings tennis court and promised that they would not disperse until they gave France a new constitution. -
The other two estates joined the National Assembly of France and changed its name to the National Constituent Assembly. They then urged King Louis XVI to remove his troops from Paris. -
After King Louis XVI refused to remove troops from Paris (because he wanted to arrest the National Constituent Assembly)the public was enraged more (they were already in rage because of the government's treatment of them) and stormed the Bastille. -
The National Constituent Assembly published the Declaration of the Rights of Man. -
The king refused to sign the Declaration of the Rights of Man so another crowd of angry Parisians marched to Versailles to confront the king. The king promised the crowd grain supplies and gave his approval of the revolutionary legislation. They then moved back to Paris. -
The king tried to flee to Varennes in June 1791, but was arrested and returned to Paris. -
France declares war on Austria. For the next seven years, the hostilities known as the French Revolutionary wars continue between France and various European powers. -
The National Convention, met and abolished the monarchy on September 21, 1792. -
The National Convention tried and executed Louis XVI by guillotine on January 21, 1793. This ended over 1,000 years of French monarchy. -
The Reign of Terror was a violent period during the French Revolution when thousands of people were executed for opposing the revolution. The Public Safety committee caused most of these deaths especially Maximilien Robespierre. https://www.britannica.com/event/Reign-of-Terror
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Marie Antoinette was executed by guillotine in 1793 after being convicted of treason against the French Republic. Her charges were conspiring with foreign powers, depleting the state treasury, and acting against the security of the French state. -
The Reign of Terror ended with the arrest and execution of Maximilien Robespierre on July 27-28, 1794, an event known as the "Thermidorian Reaction" where he was overthrown by the National Convention, leading to his guillotining the following day; marking the end of the most violent phase of the French Revolution. -
Napoleon (a great general who won many battles during the French Revolution) and his allies overthrew the French Directory government, then establishing the Consulate and placing Napoleon as the First Consul, effectively giving him control of France. He originally had a coup of three; Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès, and Charles-Maurice Talleyrand but he made a coup within a coup to set himself up for more power. -
The Napoleonic Code was a unified set of laws established in France in 1804 by Napoleon Bonaparte. It replaced a patchwork of laws and established equality before the law like establishing property rights and a civil service system.
It also allowed freedom of religion and established that all citizens were subject to the same law. -
Napoleon Bonaparte was crowned Emperor of the French Empire on December 2, 1804 at Notre-Dame de Paris. -
The Battle of Austerlitz was a military engagement that took place on December 2, 1805, during the Napoleonic Wars. It was fought between Napoleon's French forces and a combined Russian and Austrian army. Napoleon won the Battle of Austerlitz by luring the Russian and Austrian forces into his center to attack and then maintaining strong flanks. This ended the War of the Third Coalition and secured Napoleon's power in Europe. -
The Battle of Leipzig, also known as the Battle of the Nations, was a decisive victory for the coalition of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden over Napoleon's French army. The coalition victory led to the French emperor's downfall and Napoleon was forced to return to France, and was later exiled to Elba in 1814. Effectively ending Napoleon's reign and France's power in Europe. -
Germany invaded Poland, promoting Britain and France to declare war. -
.This aerial conflict between the Royal Air Force and the Luftwaffe was a crucial turning point. British victory prevented a German invasion of Britain. Here is a link to some photos. https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/16-amazing-photos-from-the-battle-of-britain
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The surprise attack by Japan on the US naval base in Pearl Harbor brought the United States into the war. -
Allied forces landed on the beaches of Normandy, France, launching the Western Front campaign that would eventually lead to the liberation of Europe. -
The US dropped atomic bombs on these Japanese cities, ultimately leading to Japan's surrender and the end of World War II. This took place on August 6th and 9th of 1945.