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Period: 1095 to 1291
Crusades are fought
The Crusades were a series of religious wars fought between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land. They took place between 1095 and 1291. Thousands of people were killed in the conquest of Jerusalem. It is estimated that 1.7 million people died in total. -
1337
100 year war begins
War between England and France. Lasted from 1337-1453 also known as the 116 year war. King Edward the III of England, provoked by French attacks on lands he owns in France, decides upon a desparate gamble. He declares himself King of France, arguing that he can legally claim the French throne through line of descent via his mother, Isabella of France. It will remain in English possession until the mid-1500s. -
1347
Black Death begins in Europe
This was a Plague that passed from Asia and through Europe. In the span of three years, the Black Death killed one third of all the people in Europe. It is presumed that the ships also carried infected rats and fleas. Symptoms included swellings in the neck; dark patches and coughing out blood. People believed that the disease came from God, and so responded with prayers. Black Death happened ii the early 1350s, but the plague reappeared every few generations for centuries. -
1350
Renaissance begins
The Renaissance began in Italy during the 14th century. How did it begin? The Renaissance is generally considered to have started in Florence, Italy around the years 1350 to 1400. Renaissance a word that means rebirth people experienced changes in art, learning, and many other things. -
Period: 1401 to 1492
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries.The Columbian Exchange happened because Christopher Columbus "discovered" the New World and other Europeans subsequently followed in his path. Some products they exchanged were corn, potatoes, tomatoes and tobacco. -
May 30, 1431
Joan of Arc burned at the stake
Joan's body was burnt three times by the English. She died of smoke inhalation. There were many theories and myths going around such as her being a man or her not being burned and living up to the age of 57. According to historians, Joan of Arc was 19 when she was burnt at the stake in by the English on 30 May, 1431. -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg invents painting press
The printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg.The printing press is ink that was rolled over the surface of movable handset block letters held within a wooden form and the form was then pressed against a sheet of paper. It was made in the Holy Roman Empire. His invention is still considered the most important invention in history. It got people to read more. -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
The capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by an invading army of the Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453. The Ottomans were commanded by Ottoman Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
The official start is usually given as 1231 A.D, when the pope appoints the first “inquisitors of heretical depravity.” The Spanish Inquisition, which begins under Ferdinand and Isabella doesn't end until the 19th century, the last execution was in 1826. The cause of the Spanish Inquisition was the post-crusade feelings against heretics. The pope tried to rid Europe of all people who were against Catholic teachings.These people were called heretics. These particular people were Jews and Muslims. -
Period: Jun 28, 1491 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
Henry VIII was King of England from 21st of April 1509 until his death. He was well known for having six wives, and was the main instigator of the English Reformation. Henry established himself as head of the Christian Church in England, in place of the pope, after the pope refused to allow his marriage to Catherine of Aragon to be dissolved. Henry was a king who hadn’t been expected to rule he only took the throne because his older brother had died. -
Aug 3, 1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
On August 3, 1492, Columbus set sailed from Palos, Spain, with three small ships, the Santa María, the Pinta, and the Niña. On October 12, the expedition sighted land, probably Watling Island in the Bahamas, and went ashore the same day, claiming it for Spain. His objective was to sail west until he reached Asia where the riches of gold, pearls and spice awaited. -
1503
Mona Lisa Completed 1506
It is thought to be of Lisa Gherardini, wife of a Florentine named Francesco del Giocondo The history of Mona Lisa is a mystery. -
1508
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel was painted between 1508 and 1512. It took him four years to complete his work. The Chapel was built between 1477 and 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV who gave it its name. Originally the Sistine Chapel's ceiling was painted blue and covered in golden stars. In 1508 pope Julius hired Michelangelo to paint the ceiling rather than leaving it as it was. -
Aug 31, 1517
Martin Luther post 95 Theses
The 95 theses is a list of questions for debate. 33 year old Luther nailed a copy on the door of the Wittenberg Castle church. The 95 theses was written in a remarkably humble and academic tone, questioning rather than accusing. 93 out of the 95 had to do with the practice of indulgences. -
1519
Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
Hernan Cortés invaded Mexico in 1519 and conquered the Aztec Empire. He also helped colonize Cuba and became a governor of New Spain. A number of people were killed during the siege. As many as 240,000 Aztecs are estimated to have died -
1532
The Prince
Started in July 1513, finished in 1514 in Florence Italy. The book was written in Italian. Niccoló Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513, but it wasn't published until 1532, five years after his death. -
Period: 1533 to 1547
Ivan the Terrible’s Reign
Ivan was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547. He was commonly known as Ivan the Terrible or Ivan the Fearsome. During his reign, Russia conquered the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan and Sibir. He transformed Russia from a medieval state into an empire, though at immense cost to its people, and its broader, long-term economy. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Counter Reformation
The counter reformation is the reaction to the Protestants or demands to reform from within the Roman Catholic Church before is considered to be the first pope of the Counter-Reformation. It was he who in 1545 convened the Council of Trent.The Reformers objected to the veneration of Mary, the selling of indulgences, the insistence that rituals and sacraments were necessary for salvation. -
Period: Sep 7, 1553 to
Queen Elizabeth’s Reign
Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last monarch of the House of Tudor. When Elizabeth nearly died from smallpox, many of her advisers thought that she should marry and produce an heir as soon as possible, but she was never to marry. She became famous for her virginity. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg, which was a result of the Reformation, was signed in 1555 and divided Europe. The Peace of Augsburg, was a treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League on September 25, 1555, in the city of Augsburg, now in present-day Bavaria, Germany. It also caused religious wars to stop for at least a period. Each prince was to determine whether Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism was to prevail in his lands. -
Spanish Armada
The Spanish monarch, Philip II, was angry that Elizabeth had not punished Sir Francis Drake and the other English seadogs for plundering Spanish ships. Philip was a devout Catholic. And so he felt it was his duty to invade and conquer England in order to convert the country back to the Church of Rome. Also a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from La Coruña in August 1588. It was also a sign of the strength and spirit imparted to the country by the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. -
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes was signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France. It granted freedom of worship and legal equality for Huguenots within limits, and ended the Wars of Religion. In the edict, Henry aimed primarily to promote civil unity. It marked the end of the religious wars that had afflicted France during the second half of the 16th century. -
Period: to
Era of the Samurai
The samurai were the warriors of premodern Japan. They later made up the ruling military class that eventually became the highest ranking social caste of the Edo Period. While the samurai numbered less than 10% of then Japan's population, their teachings can still be found today in both everyday life and in modern Japanese martial arts. -
William Shakespeare’s Death
William Shakespeare was born in 1564. And died on 23 April 1616, on his 52nd birthday. The cause of Shakespeare's death is a mystery. His burial was recorded in the register of the Holy Trinity Church, Stratford. -
Petition of Rights
The petition was created on May 8th 1628 but wasn't ratified until June 7th 1628. The Petition of Right of 1628 is one of England's most famous Constitutional documents. It was written by Parliament, as an objection to an overreach of authority by King Charles I. The Petition of Right is a major English constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing. -
King Charles the First Executed
Charles I was born on 19 November 1600, the second son of James VI. Charles was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles was first executed in London, King Charles I is beheaded for treason on January 30, 1649. Charles ascended to the English throne in 1625 following the death of his father. In the first year of his reign, Charles offended his Protestant subjects by marrying Henrietta, a Catholic princess. -
Lord George McCartney Expelled
A British statesman, colonial administrator and diplomat. He is often remembered for his observation following Britain's success in the Seven Years War and subsequent territorial expansion at the Treaty of Paris that Britain now controlled "a vast Empire, on which the sun never sets". -
Period: to
Slave Trade
Before the 19th century, most immigrants to the New World were African. According to one recent estimate, about 80 percent of women immigrants and 90 percent of child immigrants came from Africa. By 1820, about 8.4 million Africans had been forcibly imported into the Americas compared to just 2.4 million European immigrants. Enslaved Africans arrived in the New World at least as early as 1502. -
Period: to
Opium War
Two wars in the mid-19th century involving Anglo-Chinese disputes over British trade in China and China's sovereignty. The disputes included the First Opium War (1839–1842) and the Second Opium War (1856–1860). The wars and events between them weakened the Qing dynasty and forced China to trade with the other parts of the world.
