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Seneca falls Convention
After the Seneca Falls convention of 1848, women split over the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, which granted equal rights including the right to vote to African American men, but excluded women. Susan B. Anthony, a leading proponent of woman suffrage, the right to vote, said “[I] would sooner cut off my right hand than ask the ballot for the black man and not for women -
illegal voting
In 1871 and1872, Susan B. Anthony and other women tested that questionby attempting to vote at least 150 times in ten states andthe District of Columbia. The Supreme Court ruled in 1875that women were indeed citizens—but then denied that citizenshipautomatically conferred the right to vote. -
Carry Nation and the Wctu
Prohibitionist groups feared that alcohol was undermining American morals. Founded in Cleveland in 1874, the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) spearheaded the crusade for prohibition. Members advanced their cause by entering saloons, singing, praying, and urging saloonkeepers to stop selling alcohol. -
NAWSA Formed
In 1869 Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton had founded the National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA), which united with another group in 1890 to become the National American Woman Suffrage Association, or NAWSA. Other prominent leaders included Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe, the author of “The Battle Hymn of the Republic.” -
Carrie Chapman Catt and New NAWSA Tactics
Susan B. Anthony’s successor as president of NAWSA was CarrieChapman Catt, who served from 1900 to 1904 and resumedthe presidency in 1915. When Catt returned to NAWSAafter organizing New York’s Women Suffrage Party, she concentrated on five tactics: (1) painstaking organization;(2) close ties between local, state, and national workers;(3) establishing a wide base of support; (4) cautious lobbying;and (5) gracious, ladylike behavior. -
19th Amendment
In 1919, Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women the right to vote. The amendment won final ratification in August 1920—72 years after women had first convened and demanded the vote at the Seneca Falls convention in 1848.