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Seneca Falls Convention
This was the first convention made by women, for women. This convention opened doors for other Women's Rights conventions such as the Rochester Women's Rights Convention. In the Convention, the women created two documents; the Declaration of Sentiments and a list of resolutions to be modified and discussed. The resolution demanded that women should have equality in the family, education, jobs, religion, and morals. This convention marks the first formal demand in education equality for women. -
The Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act
This Act mandated that universities must educate both men and women in practical fields of study, instead of focusing on cooking, knitting, etc. for women. In the 1870's around 30% of the colleges became co-educational and in the 1930's women-only colleges were established to study more intellectual subjects. -
Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972
This federal law states "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." This law applies to both public and private education that receive federal funds, it also covers issues such as financial assistance, course offerings, counseling, housing, employment, etc. -
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan
This was a case decided by 5-4 in the Supreme Court of the United States. This decision held that single-sex admissions policy of the Mississippi University for Women violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. -
United States v. Virginia
This landmark case by which the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the Virginia Military Institute's male-only admissions policy in a 7-1 decision. In the Decision, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg stated that because VMI failed to show "exceedingly persuasive justification for its sex-based admissions policy, it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause"
