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Impacts and Responses (The Enlightenment)
René Descartes publishes "Discourse on Method," changing the way people think about knowledge. -
The Enlightenment (17th Century)
René Descartes publishes "Discourse on Method," changing the way people think about knowledge. -
The Enlightenment (17th Century)
Isaac Newton publishes "Principia Mathematica," influencing scientific thinking. -
National Varieties
(1701-1800)The Enlightenment takes different forms in Europe:
France: Linked to anti-government and anti-Church ideas.
Germany: Focuses on the middle class with a spiritual and national tone.
Scotland: The Scottish Enlightenment promotes liberal values.
Italy: Less Church power allows for new thinking.
Russia: The government supports arts and sciences, creating universities and theaters. -
The Enlightenment 18th Century
The beginning of the 18th century, often seen as the start of the Enlightenment. -
The Enlightenment (18th Century)
(1715-1789) Key period of the Enlightenment in France, from the start of Louis XV's reign to the French Revolution. -
The Enlightenment 18th Century
Montesquieu introduces the idea of separation of powers in government. -
The Enlightenment 18th Century
(1750-1770): Rise of philosophical and scientific activity, with figures like Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau promoting reason and scientific observation. -
The Enlightenment (18th Century)
(1751-1766) Publication of the Encyclopédie by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert, a big effort to organize human knowledge. -
Impacts and Responses (The Enlightenment)
(1804-1815) Start of the Napoleonic Wars, marking the end of the Enlightenment era.