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Period: Jan 1, 1450 to
Ottoman Empire
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Period: Jan 1, 1451 to Dec 31, 1481
Reign of Mehmed II, conquest of Northern Straits and Black Sea
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May 29, 1453
Mehmed II captures Constantinople
When Mehmed II came to power in 1451, the Byzantine empire was declining. Mehmed II sought out the captital of Constantinople and attacked. As seen in the primary source, The invaders outnumbered the people defending the city which helped in the invasion. In 1453, Constantinople would be captured and renamed Istanbul. -
May 7, 1480
Mehmed II launched campaign for Rome
In 1480, Mehmed II and his troops marched on Rome and attempted to kidnap the pope. This effort was to unite the Roman empires again. He wanted to combine the Byzantine and Roman empire once more, but fell short. -
Period: Jan 1, 1512 to Dec 31, 1520
Sultan Selim I established rule in Egypt
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Aug 23, 1514
Battle of Chaldiran
In August of 1514, the newfound imperialism of the Ottoman and Safavid Empires led to a battle for land. The Safavids lost, not because they didn't have the artillery that the Ottomans had, but because they had faith in their cavalry and refused to use the new artillery. The Ottomans won and established a boundary between today's Turkey and Islam. The Safavids then had to move their capital away from Ottoman territory and lost respect for Shah Ishmail for losing the holy war. -
Period: Jan 1, 1520 to Dec 31, 1566
Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent
Ottoman expansion was the greatest under the rule of Suleyman. He vigoursly exapanded into southwest Asia and into the depths of Europe. During his reign, he was always able to keep the rivaling Habsburg empire on the defensive. The Ottoman Empire greatly prospered under Suleyman because he brought more expansion and a stronger naval presense that rivaled that of the Portuguese. -
Mar 10, 1521
Suleyman captures Belgrade
Suleyman's capturing of Belgrade in 1521 was a significant mark in his attack on the Hapsburg empire. He also conquered Hungary and sieged Vienna in this attack to show the Hapsburgs his power and keep them in fear. -
Sep 7, 1526
Battle of Mohacs (Ottomans vs. Hungary)
In the battle of Mohacs in 1526, Suleyman the Magnificent made his second significant conquest against the Hapsburg empire. The Ottomans won and even killed the Hungarian king to make it worse. -
Oct 17, 1529
Siege of Vienna
In 1529, Suleyman the Magnificent and his troops laid seige to the city of Vienna to taunt the Hapsburg empire. Vienna was its prized city and the Hapsburgs were the Ottomans' rivals. This was the last major event in Suleyman's attacks on the Hapsburg empire. -
Feb 3, 1534
Take Mesopotamia from Persia
In 1534, Suleyman conquered Baghdad from Persia, joining the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys to his Ottoman empire. He was mostly a conquering ruler and wanted to expand his empire to its fullest. -
Jul 22, 1556
Suleymaniye mosque built by Sinan Pasha
One of the most celebrated monuments of Istanbul, the Suleymaniye was built by the architectural genius that is Sinan Pasha. It is a tribute to Suleyman the Magnificent and is a conglomeration of Islamic and Byzantine architectural elements. It combines tall minarets with large dome buildings similar to the Byzantine church Haga Sofia. -
Oct 7, 1571
Battle of Lepanto
The Battle of Lepanto took place on October 7, 1571 between the Ottoman Turks and the Chrsitians. It was a naval battle, fought off of Lepanto, Greece. The Holy League destroyed the Ottomans, killing about 15,000 men. This battle marked the end of Ottoman naval prowess, but had little effect on their power on land. -
May 13, 1580
Conservative Muslims force destruction of observatory
During the Wahhabi movement, conservative Muslims denounce the Ottoman's authority to rule. They protested the construction of the observatory until the sultan was forced to destroy it. -
Period: to
Long War with Austria
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Introduction to Tobacco from English merchants
In around the 1600s, English merchants brought tobacco to the Ottomans an claimed it had medicinal purposes. This would effect the Ottoman's economy in the next few decades because it le to the development of coffeehouses, increasing coffee and nicotine consumption. Coffehouses would become a prominent social institution in Islamic Empires. -
Period: to
Sultanate of Women
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Battle of Vienna, end of expansion to Europe
The Battle of Vienna occured on Septemeber 12, 1863 following a two-month siege by the Ottoman Empire. Approximately 138,000 Ottomans fought agaisnt the Polish, Austrian, and German forces; combined totatling about 70,000. Under the command of the King of Poland, John III Sobeiski the Polish-Austrian-German defeated the Ottomans. This loss marked the end of Ottoman expansion, and
the establishment of Habsurg authority in Europe. -
Conservative Muslims shut down Ottoman printing press
In this year, the conservative Muslims that called for the destruction of the observatory in 1580 also called for the closure of the Ottoman printing press. The constant disputes over the improving technology was one of the factors in the decline of the Ottomans because there was so much stopping it from progressing as fast as the other great empires. -
Temporary Treaty of Kuchuk
The Treaty of Kuchuk was a peace treaty signed between the Ottoman and Russian Empires, ending the Russo-Turkish War. The treaty was marked by huge defeat for the Ottomans and beneficial gains for the Russians. They obtained success both militarily and diplomatically; demonstrating their power within the borders of the Ottoman Empire. It also was an example of Catherine the Great's expansive achievements for Russia. -
Egypt evacuated
The Ottomans defeated the French in Egypt. The French agreed to evacuate Egypt and return control to the Ottomans.
