-
World Wide Web
By the 1990's the development of computer networking originally developed for the military and the proliferation of PCs set the stage for penetration of internet techology outside government agencies and research centers to a broader user base including individuals and organizations. Sharing information and copying documents was exponentially easier.
Image: Black & White Computer Network Around the World, Rudolph Ratti, https://pixy.org/4765074/, CC0 -
Copyright Term Extension Act
AKA Sonny Bono Act or "Mickey Mouse Copyright Act" This law extended copyright protection from the life of the author plus 50 to plus 70. The law made sharing resources more difficult and ran counter to sharing capabilities enabled by the proliferation of the Web. "Magical Steamboat Willie" by JD Hancock,https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/740d07ad-47eb-4838-82cd-a298ec1719b3,
CC BY 2.0 -
Budapest Open Access Initiative
Creative Commons is part of a larger movement. The scholarly open access movement is traced to the BOAI which calls for peer reviewed journals to be freely available online. CC licensing enabled the fruition of this idea.
Source: Budapest Open Access Initiative, https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read CC BY 3.0
Image: Open Access Logo, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg, CC0, 1.0 -
Open Educational Resources (OER)
MIT's Open CourseWare project began to garner attention. Free, online learning materials have since gained momentum. Creative Commons licenses were a key ingredient for their success. Wiley, A Brief History of OER, https://hewlett.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/HistoryofOER.pdf, 2016 -
Eldred V. Ashcroft
The plaintiff's business was based on the commercialization of sources in the public domain. He challenged the application of the Copyright Term Extension Act to existing works based on the Constitutional requirement for "limited times" because extending copyright for existing works could not logically promote progress in science. The Court ruled that Congress was within its power to extend copyright.
Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) -
Creative Commons Licenses
Lawrence Lessig, a legal scholar, appreciated that restrictive copyright legislation around the world hadn't kept pace with technological developments and didn't serve creators who wanted to share their content more widely. He was instrumental in founding a nonprofit, Create Commons. CC crafted licenses creators could use to easily give away the rights copyright law automatically conferred. Image: Lawrence Lessig, Joi Ito https://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/33668559574/, CC BY 2.0 -
Creative Commons Network Platforms.
Over 1.6 billion artifacts are CC licensed. Many content platforms such as YouTube, Wikimedia, the Internet Archive and PLOS are integrated and searchable by CC. CC Network Platforms are their evolving international organizational structure. CC continues to develop legal and other tools to meet changing technology environment and social needs. Source: Creative Commons, Network Platforms, https://creativecommons.org/about/global-affiliate-network/network-platforms/ CC BY 4.0 -
Period: to
How to Get involved
Ways to get involved included the following:
*Share work with CC license
*Make a donation to CC
*Keep up to date with CC developments
*Get CC certified
*Share knowledge about CC with colleagues
Source: Get Involved, by Creative Commons, https://creativecommons.org/about/get-involved/, CC BY 4.0 -
Attribution
What is Creative Commons? Module 1 Assignment, by Linda Hauck, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
