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Political Machines
a party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state. -
Nativism
Nativism is the political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants. (anti immigrant position) -
Indian Removal
Act signed authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. -
Manifest Destiny
Belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. -
Homestead Act
A law passed by Congress in 1862 that granted 160 acres of federal land to any U.S. citizen. An individual was given ownership of the land for free if that person lived on the land for five years and improved the land by building a home and producing a crop -
The Gilded Age
US as world's main industrial power. Industrialists and finances formed trusts. Criticism of unfair practices and poor worker treatment -
Urbanization
An increasing percentage of a population lives in cities. This process is often linked to industrialization and modernization, as large numbers of people leave farms to work and live in cities. -
Civil Service Reform
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Haymarket Riot
Haymarket Square riot, outbreak of violence in Chicago on May 4, 1886. Demands for an eight-hour working day became increasingly widespread among American laborers in the 1880s. A demonstration, largely staged by a small group of anarchists, caused a crowd of some 1,500 people to gather at Haymarket Square. -
Dawes Act
A federal law intended to turn Native Americans into farmers and landowners by providing cooperating families with 160 acres of reservation land for farming or 320 acres for grazing. -
Andrew Carnegie
One of the richest men in the world. Made lots of money because their weren't any rules to business so he could have someone killed if they didn't agree -
Muckrakers
Journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices. Term coined by Theodore Roosevelt. Works published in popular magazines. (mis, Steffens, Tarbell, Baker, etc.) -
Klondike Gold Rush
A rush of thousands of people in the 1890s toward the Klondike gold mining district in northwestern Canada after gold was discovered there. -
Ida B. Wells
African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, feminist, Georgist, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Susan B. Anthony
Was a teacher before becoming a leading figure in the abolitionist and women's voting rights movement. She partnered with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and eventually lead the National American Woman Suffrage Association. -
Eugene V. Debs
American Union leader and one of the founding members of the industrial workers of the world. Also organized the American railway union. -
William Jennings Bryan
Dominant force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States. Former United States Secretary of State. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Considered a liability by Republican leaders. Disliked both excessive corporate power and potential violence by the working class. Believed the wealthy had a moral obligation to help the poor -
Upton Sinclair
Sinclair had spent seven weeks observing the operations of a meat-packing plant before writing The Jungle. The Jungle's protest about the problems of laborers and the socialist solutions it proposed caused a public outcry. -
Pure food and drug act
For preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes. -
Dollar diplomacy
a form against American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries -
16th Amendment
Government has the right to lay and collect tax -
17th Amendment
Requires direct election of Senators -
Jane Addams
Second woman to win the Peace Prize. Chaired women's conference for peace. Spoke against the war and considered a dangerous radical and danger to US security. -
18th Amendment
the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal. -
19th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. -
Clarence Darrow
Recognized for being an American lawyer and leading member of American Civil Liberty Union.