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Helen Hunt Jackson
United States writer of romantic novels about the unjust treatment of Native Americans. -
Irish immigrants
people that left ireland for oppurtinuties in America. usually worked in factories. -
Chief Joseph
Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations -
Colorado Gold Rush
The Pikes Peak Gold rush, later known as the Colorado Gold rush started in 1859. About 100,000 people played a role in this huge gold rush. Much gold was found near streams in the South Platte River Valley. -
vaqueros
skilled riders who herded cattle on ranches in Mexico, California, and the Southwest -
Morrill Act
Federal law that gave land to western states to build agricultural and engineering colleges. -
Homestead Act of 1862
Act that allowed a settler to get as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years for moving to the west. -
Chinese immigrants
Came in small groups and usually settled in the west in search of gold. They are also famous for building the railroads -
Sand Creek Massacre
U.S army colonel John M. Chivington attacked a peaceful Cheyenne settlement along Sand Creek River. The Cheyenne under Chief Black kettle tried to surrender. First he waved the America Flag and the White flag of surrender. Chivington ignored the gestures. The U.S army killed about 200 Cheyenne during the conflict -
cattle drives
cowboys drove herds of cattle along trails to be shipped to the East by railroad -
Treaty of Ft. Laramie
1868 treaty with the Sioux that led to a brief period of peace but that focused on Americanizing the Sioux. It was repeatedly violated by whites who wanted gold on Lakota Sioux land. -
Transcontinental Railroad
Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west -
Battle of Little Big Horn
General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse -
Exoduster
African Americans who moved from post reconstruction South to Kansas. -
‘A Century of Dishonor’
Helen Hunt Jackson's book -
open-range system
property was not fenced in though ranchers claimed ownership and knew the boundaries of their property , cattle from any ranch grazed freely across those boundaries. -
Dawes Allotment Act
law that divided reservation land into private family plots for whites -
Oklahoma Land Rush
former Indian lands opened up for settlement, resulting in a race to lay claim for a homestead. -
Sitting Bull
American Indian medicine man, chief, and political leader of his tribe at the time of the Custer massacre during the Sioux War -
Battle of Wounded Knee
US soldiers massacred 300 unarmed Native American whiched ended the Indian Wars
