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STAND FORD B.DOLE
His relation w/ U.S. - him and his family made the Dole Pineapple company
Effects - played a prominent and active role in the overthrown of Queen Liliuokalani ( Queen of Hawaii) gov 1900-1903
*Connections- Family had pineapple plantations led the provisional gov while it worked out plans for the U.S. to annex the island during Spanish American War -
HENRY CABOT LODGE
helped write the Sherman Anti Act
in the sentence he advocated military strength as the best tactic for peace for imperialism
conservative republican U.S. senator from 1893- 1924
imperialism - policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force -
Alfred Thayer mahan
- Theodore Roosevelt was one of Mahans followers *His book he wrote the influenced of sea power upon history
- Argued to achieve world power a country headed a powerful navy *Naval bases tp provide fueling stations
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LEAGUE OF NATIONS
*Intergovernmental organization as a result of the peace conference purpose was to maintain world peace
*weakness- lacked there own armed forces they depended on the great powers,but they were reluctant to help
-the league severely weakened when several major powers, such as the U.S.and Russia, failed to join it
- league proved incapable of preventing aggression by axis powers and countries stared withdrawing form the league -
USS MAINE
in 1898 , uss maine was sent to havana to protect U.S. interets during a cuban revolt Against Spain Although the explosion remains unknown the "Hearst and Pulitzer newspaper blamed the Spain for the sabotage " YELLOW JOURNALISM " the sinking of Maine set off a fire storm making the people protest in the U.S. -
SINKING OF THE USS MAINE
- The maine was sent to cuba tp protect American citizens while the cuban revolutionaries were fighting spain for independence *The newspaper writers on blamed Spain for the explosion so there was a public uproar *Many Americans saw this as a chance to seize other overseas possessions and begin an American Empire
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san juan hill
- was a decisive battle of the spanish - american war
- the san juan heights was a north - south running elevation about 2 kilo east of santiago de cuba *rough riders were orded to engage 760 spanish so riders defending the san juan heights the batlle that made T.R. famous was actually fought on kettle hill.
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The SPANISH WAR
cause= U.S. wanted to become a empire, U.S. intervention for the Cuban patriots against spain form 1870s to 1898
Location of war = Manila bay in the Philippines on may 1 1898, cervera led the spanish to santiago july 3+ tired to escape westbound along the coast
effects of treaty=treaty of paris ended the spanish war,mad U.S. a world power U.S. military after war made its navy stronger, bacuse they thought a strong nave was essential to defend trade and grow international interest -
Open door policy
John Hays sent all the imperial countries a letter called the open door note, Which urged them to announce that in their spheres of influence
* They would respect chinese rights and the idea of fair competition
*The purpose was to give all nations equal rights when trading with china, so other euro nations wouldn't use the boxer rebellion to take over china...
*was aimed to enhance global trade and promote china's welfare and soverighty -
PANAMA CANAL
Built to shorten distance ships had to pass b/w Atlantic and Pacific oceans U.S. made a new country (PANAMA) by negotiating with Panamanian rebels and over thrown colombian gov
construction of the canal coast thousands of lives and $460 Million -
SINKING OF LUSITANIA
*Less than a year after WW1 a German U- boat the RMS, A British ocean liner route from New York to liver pool, England -
Roosevelt Corollary
- changed/stated purpose-to change Monroe doctrine to keep European nations out of latin American proverb, based his latin american policy on a that said " SPEAK SOFTLY AND CARRY A BIG STICK " force the U.S. to exercise of an international policy power ** Actually did - U.S. would use force to protect its economic interest in Latin America
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Sussex Pledge
promise made in 1916 during ww1 by Germany to the U.S. the sussex a french cross- channel passenger ferry was torpedoed w/o warning on March 24, 1916 - about 50 lives were taken -
ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM TEST
The Zimmerman telegram was an internal diplomatic communication issued from the Germany foreign office in january, 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event or the united states World war 1 against Germany -
AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE
Nicknamed AEF
consisted of the U.S. army sent to Europe under the command of general John J. Pershing in 1917 to help fight in WW1
total of 1.3 million soldiers arrived in France
AEF fought in France alongside French and British forces against German forces in the last year of the war the men in the AEF army were nicknamed Dough boys because of the white belts they wore -
ESPIONAGE ACT
The act was designed to crush subversion and silence critics of the war. for those convicted pf aiding the enemy obstructing military recruitment , protesting , conscription ,or say or doing anything to impede the war effort
*The Maximum fine was up to 810,000 and 20 years in Federal Prison -
FOURTEEN POINT PLAN
The fourteen point point plan ideas were distributed would wide by the government writing for George Creel in the American Committe on public information
Millions of the copies of booklets and pamphlets that explained Wilson's plans were distributed to allied nation and dropped from planes above Germany
Allies agreed to accept the fourteen points as the basis for the country peace negotiations if wilson would agree to two reservations -
DOLLAR DIPLOMACY
make america more money took place in caribbean region U.S. bankers loaned money to latin american countries if they wouldn't repay loans U.S. Marines were sent in to assure repayment by force -
BATTLE OF ARGONNE FOREST
The AEF assembled 600,000 soldiers + 40,000 pieces of artillery
* A total of 1.2 million Americans were involved 117,000
fought through the hilly terrain shattered the german line
final allied offensive of world war 1 that structured along the entire western front to help end the war -
ALVIN YORK
He was said to kill over 20 german soldiers and captures an additional 132 at the of a small detachment in the Argonne Forest near the Meuse river in France.
The german commander had underestimated the sixe of the enemy squadron, surrendered his garrison some 90 men
York was awarded the highest American military decoration, the congressional Medal of honor -
SUPREME COURT
issue ; the first amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes opinions against war.
congress passed a law called the Esponage act which said that during wartime obstructing the draft was crime the court ruled that there is limits to free speech. Free speech is not protected from falsely should "fire" i a crowded theater and causing panic. The first Amendment did not protect words that create a " clear and present danger" -
German unrestricted submarine warfare
was first introduced in ww1 when Germany declared the area around the British isles a war zone, in which all merchant ships, including those from neutral countries would be attacked by the german navy which led
-submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers w/o warning -
WORLD WAR 1
Central powers : Austria ,Hungary, German empire, Ottoman empire, Kingdom of Bulgaria ,Bosnia Italy and United States
triple entente : France , Russia , Great Britain and Japan
Assassination of Archduke Franz Fernidad and his wife was gunned down which led to WW1 -
SCHENCK VS. U.S.
Charles schenck was convicted for distributions literature that encouraged men to resist the draft in ww1 schenk claims 1st amendment was violated court ruled were limits to freedom of speech like "clear and present danger +shouting "fire" in a crowded movie theater which is not protected by the 1st amendment