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Period: 1807 BCE to 1910 BCE
AGE OF THE STEAMBOAT
-MOVEMENT OF CARGO THAT STEAMBOATS CARRIED ALLOWED RAW MATERLAIS SUCH AS LUWBER T= NAILS FOR HOUSING = STORES
-DURING RETURN TRIP THEY CARRIED MATERIAIS SUCH AS COTTON WIHIGH WERE IMPORTANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CLOTHING
-AMERICANS ECONOMY PROSPERED BECAUSE OF THE STEAMBOATS
-BY 1815 STEAM BOATS WERE THE MAIN VASSELS TRAVELING THE WATER -
Period: to
New Immiration
-Russians + Ukrainian Jews came seeking refuge from religious oppression
-wanted social mobility by the " rags to riches " americans dream
-seeked employment ,most mew immigrants from southernt european nations were in dire economic times employment + limited opportunity
-growth in industrial development
-settled in places such as NY, Boston and philadelphia -
Captions Of Industry Andrew Carnegie
-19th century industrialists
-name "captains of industry made in 1843
-Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry
-controlled the most extensive integrated iron and steel operations ever owned by an individual in the U.S.
- adopted the Bessemer process for steel making -
Period: to
TAMMY HALL AND BASS TEEWD
-REPRESENTED CLEMO PARTY
-GRANT JOB AND GOV BUILDING CONTRACT TO PPL WHO DID HIM FAVOR AND ENCOURAGED JUDICIAL CORRUPTION IN NYC
-OPENLY BOUGHT VOTE FOR POLITICIAN IN NY
-NEW IRISH IMMIGRANTS WERE TARGETED TO MAKE VOTE IN TWEED'S FAVOR IN RETURN FOR HELP W/HOUSING AND JOB -
Homestead Act
-Opend up settlement in the western U.S. allowing americas and slaves to claim up to160 free acres of federal land
-Created a war w/ natives am to proteet their tribal land from white settlement
-Gold in califonia extended RR to exspand westward -
Morse code
-A single-circuit telegraph that worked by pushing the operator key down to complete the electric circuit of the buttery . This action ent the electric signal across a wire to a receiver at the other end .
- Telegraph lines normally ran with the RR track since the RR used them 1st and the routes were laid out already
-Electric telegraph were to reduce the cost of sending a message compared to semaphores, and could be used non-stop, 24 hours a day ,independent of the weather or daylight -
president
-The homestead acts were several U.S fed laws that gave a person ownership of land, typically called a "homestead"
- At little or no cost, totaling 160 acres if setters improved the land in 5 years they own it
-Most Hmsteading occurred west (mainly the Gt plains, ok Nebraska)
-Harsh climates with little water high temp (100) and blizzards in the winter
-Farmers created sod houses and dug 300 ft wells farmers also up with dry farming (planting seeds deep to reach moisture -
Transcontinental Rail road
-Railroad sped up the transport to iondustries which sped up the process of making goods
- affected settlement allowing easy transport west people looked for land and cash crop and new start
-easy access to sell cattle for cowboys/farmers with crops
-making farmers feel threatened w/ railroads monopolies -
CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY JOHN D. ROCKEFDLER
-HE WAS THE OWNER OF SANDARD OLI CONPANY
-HIS MONEY HELPED PAY FOR THE CREATION OF UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO TO WHICH HE GAVE MORE THAN $80 MILLION
-HELP FOUND THE ROCKE FELLER INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCHIN NEW YORK AND ROCKELLER FOUNDATION
- STANDADOLI GATINTO THE BUSINESS ITSELF WITH THE PURCHASEOF PIPELINES AND TERMINALS SETTING UP A SYSTEM OF TRANSPERTATION AND DISTRIBUTIONING GAS STATION ishorizontal integration -
Period: to
RISE OF LABOR UNIONS
-LABOR UNIONS HELPD PROTECT THE RIGTHS OF WORKERS
- TO BE APART OF LABOR UNIONS WORKERS APPLY FOR MEMBERSHIP AND PAY DUES
-THE PURPOSE OF LABOR UNIONS WAS TO INCREASE WAGES AND BENEFITS FOR MEMBERS WHO HELP SYOP CHILD LABOR
-WENT ON STRIKE BOYCOTT AND SOMETIMES VIOLENCE WOULD OCCUR
-EMPLOYERS ATTEMPTED TO COMBAT THE UNIONS W/SHERMAN'S ANTITRUST LAWS
-EMPLOYERS WANTED TO EXCLDE UNIONS FROM THEIR BUSINESSES -
Nast vs Boos Tweed
-boss tweed filled inportant political positions w/friends
-controlled the nyc gov and demo party
-established a network of corruption known as " tweed ring "
-thomas nast oust tweed w/his cartoons and was convicted on charges of forgery and larceny
-escaped prison to spain ,he was capture and sent back to nyc
- he was identified in sapin for nast's cartoons -
Chinese Exclusionary Act
-frist significant restiction on U.S. immigration
-prohibited all immigration of chinese labors
-act was originally intended to last for 10 year but was renew in 1892 and made permitted in 1902 but was reveal by the magnms act in 1943 -
HAYMARKET RIOT
-LABOR PORTEST RALLY NEAR CHICAGOS HAYMARKET SQUARE TURNED IN TO A RIOT AFTER SOMEONE THREWA BOMB AT POLICE
-AT LEAST 8 PEOPLE DIED
-8 RADICAL LABOR ACTIVISTS WERE CONVICTED IN CONNECTION W/ THE BOMBING
-HAYMARKET RIOT WAS VIEWED AS A SETBACK FOR THE ORGANIZED LABOR MOVEMENT IN AMERICA -
Hull house
-located in chicago llinois
-leaders Jane addams and ellen gates starr
-purpose aid the needy immigrants to assimilate to american custumes
-Unique in this time period because they were women -
Homestead strike
-Carnegie steel company was determined to break the union, locking the workers out of the plant
- Frak sent out 300 Pinkerton guards but when they arrived, they were met by 10,000 strikers, many of them armed.
- after an all day battle the Pinkerton surrendered
- Carnegie and US government helped move in quickly to institute longer hours and lower wages.
- highlighted how difficult it was for any union to succeed against the combined power of the corporation and the government -
John D Rockefeller
-founder of the standard oil company wchich dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S business trust Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry
- monopoly-standard oil grandually gained almost complete control of refining and marketing in the U.S through hirzontal integration.in the kerosene industry . Standard oil replaced the oil distribution systems with its own vertical system -
George Pullman
-George Pullman increased working hour, cut wages and cut jobs caused from depression in 1893.
-Workers who belonged to (ARU) protested and started the Pullman strike on May 11, 1894 & violence broke out. -
Pullman strike
-factory wages at the company fell 25% with the rents George Pullman charged did not decrease.
- 3000 lm workers went on a "wildcat" strike that is without authorization
- June 29, 50,000 Men had quit their job
- Federal troops came in, this in enraged strikers, and rioters began stoping trains, smashing switches and again setting fire to anything that would burn.
- Pullman strike was important because it was the first time a federal injunction had ever been used to break a strike -
Period: to
Great migration
Push factors - Poor economic conditions in the south, limitations of shopping, farm failures, & ongoing vocal oppression in the form of Jim crew laws. Pull factors- Reports of good wages and living conditions that spread by word of mouth & appeard in AF, AM newspaper. -Seeking better civil & economic opportunities, many blacks were unable to escape racism by migrating to the north where AF,FM were segregated into ghettos in. New York and Chicago. -
Period: to
Cattle drive era
-Located in Texas, but ended in the Midwest where the trans Took the Cattle east.
- Chicago or New York have more people, therefore the more people meant more beef.
- New technology was Barbwire that ended the open range to cattle. -
Americaniztion Day
-movement set about to reshape the Eva's image avound themes of immigrants
-across the county, immigrants and non immigrants gathered to sing patriotic soughs vecite the pledge of allegiance and listen to speech's
-pros : spread of culture and assimilation of immigrants iota the U.S -cons : takes away from immigrants sense of pvide for they're country