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The Revolution
*Focused on woman's rights & woman's suffrage
*Susan B Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton bot were publisher and editor
*They established the revolution during a period when a split was developing within the woman's right movement
*Together they provided leadership for ending slavery in the U.S in 1865 -
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The Populist "Peoples" Party
Their core ideas were government reforms. Reforms included the election of U.S Senators by popular vote, 8hr workdays, &restriction on immigration+child labor laws
*The cause that started this party was to lift the burden of debt from farmers&other workers. To give the people a greater voice in the government
*James B. Weaver was the presidential candidate, who ran against&lost to democratic candidate Grover Cleveland -
Women's Christian Temperance Union
*The purpose of WCTU was to combat the influence of alcohol on families&society
*Frances Willard became president of the WCTU and turned to organizing political means in addition to moral persuasion to achieve total abstinence
*The issue was seen in society as moral, issue to create prohibition through the nation -
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Harsh Working Conditions
Children were payed 10 cents an hour. for 14dys. They were assigned to simpler unskilled jobs
*Many kids had physical deformities due to unsafe work conditions & lack of sunlight & exercise death rate went up
*Ppl lived in "Slums" where 5-9 ppl lived there, made easier to catch a disease
*Max 12hrs a day for women, they earned 1/3 of what men received or sometimes one-half of women worked in factories&mills, very unsafe, treated unfairly, seen as servants/ mistress -
Assassination of president James Garfield
*Shot came from 44 British bulldogs which the assassin Charles J. Guiteau, had purchased specifically because he thought it would look impressive in a museum
*He had killed Garfield because of the pres. refusal to appoint him to European consulship
*The assassin was known around Washington as a emotionally disturbed man
*He was convinced that its god's work -
Pendleton Act of 1883
*Provided the federal gov. jobs awarded on the basis of merit and be selected through competitive exams
*In 1881 a mentally unstable man assassinated James A. Garfield in protest against not obtaining a gov. job
*The public's reaction cause Arthur to introduce this law
*Patronage system: practice where after winning an election, gives gov. jobs to its supporters/friends
*Merit system: process of promoting & hiring gov. employees based on their ability to preform jobs -
Interstate Commerce Act
*Supreme Court ruled that a state couldn't regulate RR traffic moving across state boundaries
*The act was made to be fair to all RR customers
*The act required RR rates to be " reasonable and just", but didn't empower gov. to fix specific rates
*The ICC(Interstate Commerce Act" was expected to monitor RR rates & comply w/ regulations -
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The Progressive Era
*The progressive era was a time of social and political reforms during which corruption and social difference were exposed, many changes were made to american society
*Progressive Era was a time of reform such as the initiative -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
*Act made it illegal to form a trust that interfered w/ free trade
*Income inequality+monopolist caused this act to come into play
*Andrew Carnegie was also associated w/ this bc his Co. , Standard Oil felt pressure from the gov. bc its a monopoly
*Business weren't affected. Since, the act didn't clearly define its terms
*Most businesses created a corporation to get around this law. Instead of a business owning another business, which is a monopoly -
Red Record
*Wells passion was telling the country of the awful happening in the south lynchings because she lost several friends
*Effect was to raise awareness and option of the southern region on how African Americans were being treated -
Plessy VS Ferguson
*Plessy sat in whites only spot on the train car & refused to move
*Ruling was "separate but equal" which means they all have the same rights but have to go to their own race
*Segregation started -
Yukon Gold Rush/ Klondike Gold Rush
*Only 40,000 of 100,000 prospectors actually made it
*4,00 found gold. But, only 200 became rich
*Travelling was difficult due to rough terrain. & prospectors had to carry a year worth of supplies w/ them
*Prospectors helped the economic development of the towns, by buying a lot of their supplies in the local stores. -
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Muckraker Journalism
*Muckraker journalism was one magazine journalist who exposed the corrupt side of business & public life in the early 1900's
*Journalists described immigrant ghettos and the poor living conditions of tenement housing
*Muckraker condemned exploitation of child labor & white slave traffic in women
*They exposed Rockefeller oil industry & his monopolist ways
*Authors like Upton Sinclair exposed the meat packing industry which let to the meat packing act & pure good & drug act -
The Jungle
*Written by muckracking journalists Upton Sinclair
*Focus was the human condition in the stockyards of Chicago
& to exploit the labor of men & women for profit
*Magnified the sickening conditions of the meat-packing industry
*As result of making the public aware of the filthy & dangerous conditions, each local gov. passed its own set of health codes as well as the meat inspection act and the pure food&drug act -
Pure Food and Drug Act
*Prevented the manufacture sale and transportation of disgusting, mislabeled, poisonous food, drugs and medicine
*Was the first of many consumer protection law
*The law required to label any addictive drug, including alcohol, morphine, opium, cannabis,& cocaine
*This law required Coca-Cola to remove the cocaine and replace it with caffine -
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Social Gospel
*Settlement houses like the Hull House w/ Jane Addams & religious groups helped start the " social gospel movement"
*They believed the churches had a duty to solve society's problems & preached salvation through service to the poor
*They were criticized by others, believed the social gospel movement, because they did not believe their reforms could help
*The progressive Era, inspired even more reforms acts, for example the (YMCA) & the inspiration of (WCTU) -
NAACP
*National association for the advancement of colored ppl
*An organization founded in1909 to promote full racial equality
*Had over 6,000 members by 1914
Established by Web Du -
16th Amendment
*Allows the congress to levy an income tax on the people
*Its biggest effect was it shifted the balance of power toward the federal gov and away from the states
*Progressive: favoring or advocating progress and change
*Revenue: collective items of income of a person, state, etc
*Tariff: tax or duty to be paid -
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Bull Moose Party
*The founder of the Bull Moose Party was Theodore Roosevelt
*He was defeated in the republic primaries & broke off
*The party advocated women suffrage, worker men comp. , an 8hr workday, a min. wage for women, federal law against child labor & federal trade -
Federal Reserve Act
*Caused by the nations to strengthen how banks were run & quickly adjust amount of money in circulation&have enough money supply to keep up w/ the econ.
*Gave 12 federal reserve banks the ability to print money in order to ensure economics stability
*Helped create the federal reserve system & centralized banking known as "bankers bank"
*Made the value of the U.S dollars stronger by influencing the economy -
18th Amendment
*Caused by widespread belief that consumption of alcohol was deteriorating American's health and causing criminal activities
*Established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the U.S by declaring the production, transport, &sale of alcohol illegal
*Instead of reducing crime, it created massive organized crime movements, and corrupted public officials who took bribes -
18 Amendment
*Temperance: restraint+moderation from drinking prohibition nationwide ban of alcohol
*Spark easy: illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages
*Flapper: generation of young western women in 1920's who wore short skirts,bobbed hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their unacceptable behavior -
19th Amendment
*Women wanted equality
*Granted women the right to vote- a right known as suffrage
*Helped women move closer to equality in all aspects of american life
*Women advocated for jobs, fair wages, education, sex education, and birth control -
17th Amendment
The senate of then U.S shall be composed of 2 senators from each state, elected by the people there of, for 6 yrs and each senator shall have 1 vote
*It changed the theory about who senators represented, shifting the focus from state govs. to the residents of states
*Direct elections: system of choosing political office holders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person