-
Women's Christian Temperance Union
WCTU fought for prohibition the banning of alcoholic beverages anted immigrants and poor city dwellers to uplift themselvels
Frances Willard help transform the union from a small Mid-Western religious group to a national organization
aroused tension btw immigrants b/c their customs included alcohol consumption -
Harsh Working Conditions
Children as young as 6yrs old worked hard hours for little or no pay
Women mostly found jobs domestic service textile factories & spice workshops
Children sometimes worked up to 19 hours w/ one break
Women were paid less than half & children a third of what men make
Worked in dangerous locations
if one was hurt head or arm cut off -
Assassination of President James Garfield
shot came from 44 British bulldogs which assassin Charles J. Guiteau had purchased specifically because he thought it would look impressive in a museum
He had killed Garfield because of the pres refusal to appoint him to European consulship
The assassin was known around Washington as a emotionally disturbed man
He was convinced that is a gods work -
Pendleton Act
patronage system is a practice in which a political party after winning an election gives gov jobs to its supporters
Merit system is the process of promoting and hiring gov. employees based on their ability to preform a job
-Cause
President Garfield was shot two time by Charles Guiteau
Chester Arthur became president urged legislators to pass the Pendleton Act
-Effect
officials could no longer pressure employees for campaign contributors -
Interstate Commerce Act
railroads rates to be reasonable end just but didn't empower the gov to fix specific rates
designed to regulate the railroad and industrial businesses
this was the 1st federal law to requite private business
this law created a federal agency the FCC RR rates & regulations -
Period: to
The Progressive Era
the progressive era was a time of social and political reforms during which corruption and social differences were exposed many changes were made to american society
Progressive era was time of reform such as the initiative and referendum (vote) -
Sherman Antitrust Act
this act made it illegal to form a trust (turned their stock over to a person to control the company to have absolute power
the act prohibited monopolies having good competition with other companies in their industry
companies under the Sherman act was not easy because it didnt clearly define terms such as "TRUST" -
Populist Party
Platforms:
graduate income tax
8 hr work day
restriction in immigration
popular vote for senators
Cause
demand reforms to lift the burden of debt from farmers and other workers & give ppl a greater voice in the gov
Candidates
republican party-William McKinley president
democratic party-William Jennings Bryan congressive
The populist party was (losely related to grange movement the farmers movement -
Red Record
Author: Ida B. Wells
About lynching in the U.S
Helped educate America to help stop crimes against southern African Americans and help start the NAACP for African Americans rights -
Plessy V. Ferguson
tested the constitutionality of segregation
supreme court ruled that the separation races in public accommodations was legal & didn't rioter are 14th amendment
separate but equal allowed states to maintain segregated facilities as long as they provided equal services
permitted leagal segregation for almost 60 years -
The Klondike Gold Rush
about 100,000 Americans stamped to the Klondike in search of fortune only 10,000 made it
Americans headed north to test their luck to take advantage of the second major gold rush
The economy different to each group of ppl hardware stores earned money from miners while the miners were not any gold claims making them lose money -
Period: to
Muckraker Journalism
Muckraker journalism was one magazine journalist who exposed the corrupt side of business & public life in the early 1900's
journalist described immigrant ghettos and the poor living conditions of tenement housing
Muckraker condemned exploitation of child labor & white slave traffic in women -
The Jungle
written by muckraking journalist Upton Sinclair
focus was the human condition in the stockyards of Chicago & to exploit the labor of men & women for profit
Magnified the sickening conditions of the mean-packing industry
As a result of making the public aware of the filthy & dangerous conditions, each local gov. passed its own set of health codes as well as the meant inspection act & the pure food & drug act -
Pure Food and Drug Act
prevented the manufacturer sale and transportation adulterated mislabeled or poisonous food drugs and medicines
was the first of many consumers protection law
the law required to label any addiction drug including alcohol morphine opium cannabis
this law required Coca-Cola to remove the cocaine and replace it with caffeine -
Period: to
Social Gospel
Settlement houses like the hull house w/ Jane Addams religious groups helped start the gospel movement
They believed that churches had a duty to solve society's problem & preached salvation through service to the poor
They were criticized by others believed the social gospel movement because they did not believe their reforms could help
The progressive era inspired even more reform acts for example the young means christian association the inspiration of (WCTU) Christians temperance union -
NAACP
National association for the advancement of colored ppl
An organization founded in 1909 to promote full racial equality
Had over 100 members by 1914
Established by Web Du -
16th Amendment
allows the congress to levy an income tax on the people
its biggest effect was it shifted the balance of power toward the federal gov and away from the states
progressive favoring or advocating progress and change
revenue collective items of income of a person state etc
tariff tax or duty to be paid -
17th Amendment
the senate of the U.S shall be composed of 2 senators from each state elected by the people there of for 6 years and each senator shall have one vote
it changed the theory about who senators represented shifting the focus from state govs to the residents of state
direct election system of choosing political office holders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person -
Period: to
Bull Moose Party
The founder of the Bull Moose is Theodore Roosevelt he he was defeated in the republic primaries & broke off
The party advocated women suffrage work mens comp an 8hr workday a min wage for women federal law against child labor & fed trade -
Federal Reserve Act
Cause
establish a form of economic stability in the U.S thru the intro of the central bank power
max employ stabilizing prices moderating long terms interest rate
Effect
the banking system of U.S changed & helped create the fed. reserve which we use today in Banking System -
18th Amendment
temperance restraint + moderation from drinking
prohibition nationwide of alcohol
speakeasy illicit establishment that sells alcohol beverages -
18th Amendment
caused by wide spread belief that consumption of alcohol was deterioration Americans health and causing criminal activities
established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the U.S by declaring the production transport and sale of alcohol illegal
instead of reducing crime it created massive orginized crime movements and corrupted public officials who took bribes -
19th Amendment
women wanted equality
granted women the right to vote a right known as suffrage
helped women move closer to quality in all aspects of american life
women advocated for jobs fair wages education sex education and birth control -
The Revolution
Focused on woman's rights & woman's suffrage
Susan B Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton bot were publisher and editor
They established the revolution during a period when a split was developing within the woman's eight movement
together they provided leadership for ending slavery in the U.S in 1865
Woman's rights movement had greatly reduced its act during civil war