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Stanford B. Dole
-His relation w/US-Him & his family made the Dole Pineapple Company
-Effects-played a prominent & Active role in the overthrown of Queen Liluokalami.Gov. 1900-1903
-Connections-family had pineapple plantations,led the provisional gov. while it worked out plans for the US to annex the island during Spanish American War -
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
-Captain Alfred T. Mahan, a lecture in naval history,published"The Influence of Sea Power Upon History"
-It was an analysis of the importance of naval power
-Naval Power:having a nations entire military organization for sea welfare & defense -
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Spanish War
-American went to war against Spain to free Cuba from Spanish Domination
-Philippines & Cuba
-1898-1902
-America went to war fighting both in Cuba in the Philippines now a world power
-Made them a world power using a navy suprimire -
Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine
-It was sent to Cuba , to protect US citizens during the Cuban War of Independence
-William Randolph Hearst published,"Remember the Maine!To hell with Spain!"
-Hearst influence America with the uproar started by the destruction of Maine
-Yellow Press exploited the story,whipping the US into an anti-Spanish frenzy
-People would yell out "Remember the Maine!" -
Henry Cabot Lodge
-Served as U.S. Representative
-Imperialism:a policy of extending a country's power & influence through diploma or military force
-Supported Spanish-American War
-He felt that to safeguard its own interest,U.S. had to stake out spheres of economic influence
-Lodge influence the Senate to expand the fleet & network overseas ports as essential security -
Theodore Roosevelt-Battle of San Juan Hill"Rough Riders"
-A volunteer force known as "rough riders"
-They defeated Spanish forces at San Juan Hill in Cuba
-In 4 months Spain was defeated
-America forces were left in occupation of the Philippines,Cuba,Puerto Rico,Guam
-Later he became president of the U.S. -
Open Door Policy
-Cause-they wanted to build an Empire
-U.S. did not have a sphere of influence of economic activities
-Protect American business & investor that American would shut out of China by the European powers
-U.S. participation would oppose any attempt by other nations to use the Rebellion as an excuse to dismember China -
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Theodore Roosevelt
-Roosevelt became president after McKinley was assassinated
-His slogan,"Speak softly and Carry a big stick" said b/c he was sending the greatly expanded Navy-the Great White Fleet-on a world tour
-Roosevelt was the 1st president to speak out on conversation & he greatly expanded the system of national parks & national forests
-Teddy spent periods of time hurting the N.Dakota badlands seeing how over hunting & grazing damaged the land & game animals he tried to stop as Pres. -
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Panama Canal
-Colombia owned it first
-Reason they needed the canal was b/c it provided a new route international trade & military transport
-22k people died
-Roosevelt sent U.S. warships to Panama(part of Colombia) to protect rebels & took action,after the happen Panama gave complete control; of a 10-mile strip to build to the canal -
Roosevelt Corollary
-The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
-Roosevelt wanted to create & informal America Empire in Latin America as a means of competing with the increasing imperialism of Europeans nation
-The Roosevelt Corollary justified American intervention throughout the Western Hemisphere
-It helped keep European nation out of American affairs on North& South America -
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Dollar Diplomacy
-Purpose:promote American foreign goals
-Intended Adv.: make America more money,took place in Caribbean region-Central & South Am.
-U.S. bankers loaned money to Latin American Countries if they couldn't repay loans U.S. Marines were sent into assure repayment by force -
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Weapons of Total War-C
-Canned food in WW1 could be transported safely,survive trench conditions,& not spoil,It was developed for preservation & helped feed millions of soldiers
-Poison(mustard) gas was used to injure & kill entrenched defenders.This chemical warfare was a major component of the 1st global war & 1st total war of the 20th century -
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Weapons Of Total War-B
-Machine guns could shoot hundreds of round of ammunition
-These machine guns were 1 of the main killers in the was,b/c of the trench warfare started
-Trench warfare were used as protection from the enemy due to machine guns fire arms & artillery -
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WW1
-Europe was going through MAIN
*M-militarism
*A-alliance
*I-imperialism
*N-nationalism
-Central powers consist of Austria,Hungary,Germany,Bulgaria,& the ottoman empire
-Serbia & Ottoman Empire-Central Powers
-Bosnia,Italy,Japan,& the U.S.(Triple Entente)
-The triple entente was understanding linking the Russian empire;the 3rd Republic & United Kingdom of great Britain & Ireland after signing of Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31,1907 -
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Weapons Of War-A
-U-boat submarines were used by Germans during WW1
-They used them to sink British Cruisers,along with mines,between Oct. 1916-Jan. 1917 there was a grand total of 1.4 mil tons or allied shipping destroyed mines(land & water based)
-Were used during WW1,they were a type of bomb,land mines were triggered by contact & water mines were engaged by a battery explode Germany laid 43k miles resulting in the sinking of ships,U-boat,& killing people -
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Weapons of Total War-D
-Tanks were developed for protection from machine gun fire while in battle many of the tanks broke down,before they got them to work well
-Airplanes-Early forms were typically unarmed & used in the reconnaissance until personal weapons were added & bombs for trenches -
Sinking Of The Lusitania
-When it was sunk in 1915,the Lusitania was on the return from New York across the Atlantic
-When it was torpedoed by a German U-boat killing 1,100 people,120 Americans
-This was Germany's unrestricted warfare which helped bring the U.S. into WW1 -
Sussex Pledge
-Germany attack that ship & killed more than 50 people
-Germany pledge to not sink anymore oceans liners with out prior warning or providing help for passengers,but broke this pledge by sinking the Lusitania -
Zimmerman Telegram
-International diplomatic communication issued from the Germany foreign office in Jan. 1917
-Proposed a military alliance between Germany & Mexico
-This created 1 of 4 events of the United States entering WW1 against Germany -
German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
-Germany being starved or food & raw materials by the British Naval blockade that had been in place since August 1914
-U.S. industrial production capacity,which could be turned over wholly to war productive for the allies
-U.S. man power, which would provide millions of new troops for the armed armies on the Western front -
The American Expeditionary Forces(AEF)
-Consisted of U.S. Army Forces sent to Europe
-Under the commending General John,perishing in 1917 to help WW1
-They were called dough boys,possibility of the white belts they wear
-Which they cleaned with pipe clay or "dough"
-There were 1 million of men that were in the (AEF) -
Espionage Act
-The law was extended on May 16,1918 by the Sedition Act of 1918
-Actually a set of amendments to the Espionage Act,which prohibited many forms of speech,including any disloyal scunilous or abusive language about the form of gov. of the U.S. or the flag of the U.S.
-The maximum fine of 10,000 or by imprisonment for not more than 20 years of both -
Battle of the Argonne Forest
-Battle in 1818 near the Belgian border
-It were 600k soldiers & 40k of Artillery
-It shattered the German defense & open a hole in the German lines
-Was the final & most important battle of the AEF
-The overall was the several medals of honors awarded at the battle -
Fourteen Point Plan
-The fourteen point plan were distributed world wide by the gov. writing for George Creed in the American Committee on public information
-Millions of copies of booklets & pamphlets that explain Wilson's plans were distributed to allied Nations & dropped from planes above Germany
-Allies agreed to accept the fourteen point as the bases for the country peace negotiations that Wilson would agree to two reservation -
Alvin York U.S.
-Actions he took, was ordered to take his squad on surprise attack against an emplacement of German machine gun capture 132 German Soldiers & officers on Oct.8,1918
-Effects:his heroic actions help lead to the ending of the battle of Argonne Forest to sergeant
-Honors & Awards the Congressional Medal of honor -
Schneck v. U.S.
-When America entered WW1, Congress pass law called the espionage act violating the 1st amendment
-Schneck was convicted for disturbing literature that encourage men to resist the draft
-Schneck claimed his 1st amendment right to freedom of speech had been violated
-Supreme Court ruled that there were limits to free speech like falsely shouting "fire" in a crowded theater & causing panic
-1st amendment did not protect words that create a "clear & present danger" -
Treaty of Versailles
-Viewing Germany as the Chief Instigator of the conflict,the impose particularly stringent treaty obligations upon the defeated Germany
-Forced Germany to concede territories to Belgium & Poland
-The final treaty was not what president Wilson wanted.Only 8 of his 14 were incorporated into the treaty -
League of Nations
-Intergovernmental organization as a result of the Paris Peace Conference
-Purpose was to maintain world peace
-Weakness-lacked there own armed force they depended on the great powers,but they were reluctant to help
-The league severely weakened when several major powers,such as the U.S. & Russia,failed to join it
-League poured incapable of preventing aggression by axis powers & countries started withdrawing from the league