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Henry Cabot Lodge
-He strongly supported both imperialism and stronger navy
-He was in charge of the congressional committee that was in charge of investigators
-Was against joining the league of nations and felt the US would lose its freedom of action -
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Alfred Thayer Mahan
-Mahan influenced the US military policy by the ideas in his book The influence of Sea power upon History
-Mahan's ideas influenced naval power by the US seeking new markets abroad through the navy on the seas. -
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Presidency of Stanford B Dole
-The US Navy use Hawaii as a gas station
-He helped overthrow the queen of Hawaii and shortly afterwards he had gotten elected president of Hawaii which led to the annexation of Hawaii to the US
-He was born in Hawaii, and his family developed the pineapple company. -
Sinking of the USS Maine
-The Maine was sent to Cuba to protect American citizens while the Cuban revolutionaries were fighting Spain for Independence
-The newspaper writers on blamed Spain for the explosion so there was a public uproar
-Many Americans saw this as a chance to seize other possessions and begin building an American Empire. -
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Expanding World Power
-In this time period, American changes their view from internal expansion and domestic issue to becoming a global force, both economically and military -
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Spanish American War
-Was a conflict-between the US and Spain
-The war was to end Spanish colonial rule in the US and a chance for the US to be a empire
-It was in the Western Pacific and Latin American like the Philippines, Samoa, Guam, Wake island, and Cuba. -
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Theodore Roosevelt- Rough Riders
-Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt raised a volunteer force known as the "Rough Rides" acting with other army regiments. They defeated Spanish forces at San Juan Hill in Cuba. -
Open Door Policy
-Purpose of the policy was to give all nations equal rights when trading with China
-The treaty would oppose any attempts by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember China
-This policy was the US attempts towards world power -
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Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
-Roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26th president of the assassination of McKinley
-Roosevelt "square Deal" domestic program included a promise to battle large industrial combinations
-Foreign policy was to bring the US out of its isolationism and fill its responsibility as a world power
-After the death of Garret Hobart, Theodore became vice-president -
Roosevelt Corollary
-Was created by Theodore Roosevelt
-Convinced that all of Latin America was vulnerable to European attack
-President Roosevelt dusted of the Monroe Doctrine and added his own corollary
-Monroe Doctrine blocked further expansion of Europe in the western Hemisphere, Roosevelt Corollary
-Was used to justify US intervention through the Hemisphere -
Sinking of Lusitania
-Less than a year after WWI a German U-boat the RMS , A British ocean liner route from New York to live pool, England -
German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
-Germany declared the area around the British Isles a war zone, which all ships would be attached by the German navy. A string of attacks on merchant ships followed , culminating in the sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-boat
-The incident prompted U.S President Woodrow Wilson to send a note to the German government demanding an end to German attacks against unarmed merchant ships -
Sussex Pledge
-The Sussex Pledge was a promise mad in 1916 during WWI by Germany to the U.S prior to the latter's entry into the war -
Espionage Act
-The act was designed to crush subversion and silence critics of the war.
-The maximum fine was up to $810,000 and 20 years in federal prison -
Zimmerman Telegram
-This was a message from the German Foreign Minister to Mexico gov.
-The war between the US and Germany is published on the front pages of newspapers across America to help bring America into WWI -
fourteen point plan
The fourteen point plan ideas were distributed world wide by the government's writing for George creel in the American Committee on Public ininformation -
American Expeditionary Force
-The commanding general was John J. Pershing
-The AEF'S nickname was " Doughboys"
-They had more then 500,000-1,000,000 men ,the AEF sustained about 320,000 casualties and 204,000 wounded during the war -
Battle of Argonne Forest
-The AEF assembled 600,000 soldiers + 40,000 pieces of artillery
-A total of 1.2 million Americans were involved 117,000 were killed or wounded
-Fought through the hilly Terrain Shattered the German line
-Final allied offensive of WW1 that structured along the entire western front to help end the war -
Alvin York
-He was said to kill over 20 Germans soldiers and captures an additional 132 at the head of a small detachment in the Argonne Forest near the Meuse River in France
-The German commander had underestimated the size of the enemy squadron, surrendered his garrison of some 90 men
-York was awarded the highest American military decoration, the congressional Medal of Honor -
Supreme Court
-Issue: The first Amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes opinions against the war.
-Congress passed a law called the Espionage Act which said that during wartime obstructing the draft was a crime
-The court ruled that there is limits yo free speech. Free speech is not protected from falsely should "fire" in a crowed theater and causing panic. -
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty's terms was Germany to take the blame, Germany had to give up land to France, and 4 other countries Germany had to pay for all the reparations, and the German Army was limited to 100,000 men.
-The U.S saw this treaty as an unfair punishment, so Woodrow Wilson proposed 14 points. -
Schenck v. Untied States
-He distributed thousands of flyers to American servicemen recently drafted to flight in WW1, the flyers asserted that he drafted amounted to "involuntary servitude" and that the war itself was motivated by capitalist greed, and urged draftees to petition for repeal of the draft
-The court's ruling was Schenck got sent to jail for six months
-His speech created a clear and present danger of insubordination in wartime, and was a man who cries "fire"! in a crowed theater causing a panic. -
League of Nations
-The treaty created the league of nations, an organization of nations pledged to defend each other against aggressors
-The US congress denied President Wilson's 14 points along with the league of nations
-The league was severely weaken when major powers such as the US and Russia failed to join it