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Benito Mussolini
In Italy, Benito Mussolini developed a new type of political party and seized power
By 1921 Mussolini gradually extended Fascist control to every aspect of Italian life
Fascism stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals -
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin was a powerful communist leader in the early years of the soviet union. He was a dictator who terrorized the population and sent many people to prison and labor camps
One of the communist leaders greatest task was collectivize farming. Stalin created a state owned farms
While Stalin was the leader he steadily increased his power. Many of his enemies were shot or sent to Siberia -
Japan
Japan invaded Manchuria (China's eastern seaboard) because Japan was becoming very crowded without being ale to explain because of being an island. Japan believed Manchuria was rich with minerals, so it was an obvious plan for Japan
Japan withdrew from the League of Nations after a report of them invading Manchuria -
Adolf Hitler
In Germany, Adolf Hitler had followed a path to power similar to Mussolini's in 1919 he joined a struggling group called the Nazi Party
Hitler quickly became the party's leader
He established a dictatorship as brutal or worse than Stalin's
He was determined to achieve German domination of Europe -
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Advance Technology in WW2 Part C
Torpedoes were used to destroy submarines and ships from long distances b/c bullets couldn't go far and do a lot of damage
Bombing raids, were used to destroy anything in a certain are such as factories that produce military equipment in WW2
Wolf packs were German submarines that had mass-attack tactics against convoys. A group of ships, warships, submarines that attack a certain target all at once -
German Expansion
Germany started aquiring German speaking areas lost after WW1 like Sudetenland (a section of France) Czechoslovakia, Hungary & Poland
Increasingly a global political division emerged between democratic societies (U.S & Britain) and totalitarian states (Germany) actions 1st nothing but when Germany did not stop an all out war occurred -
Germany
At the beginning of the 1930s Adolph Hitler is Nazi Party exploited wide spread & deep-seated where discontent in Germany to extract popular & political support
During the three years of WW2 from when Sep, 1939 through Nov, 1942 a series of military victories permitted German domination of continent -
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Volunteerism in WW2
Began blood donor services in america to produce life saving plasma for the armed forces served in hospitals produced emergency supplies collected scrap ran victory gardens & maintained training programs
Become the chief providers of relief supplies in Europe served as field director provided support for troops operated clubs & were attached to military hospitals -
Rationing
Rationing is the controlled distribution of scare resources & goods
Rationing items were gasoline tires meat butter & jellies
People had to use "Rationing Goods" which were issued to each based on its sized -
Civilian Defense Organization
Roosevelt set up the Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) to coordinate state and federal measures to protect civilians in war-related emergency. The OCD organized he U.S citizens defense corps. to recruit and train volunteers to preform essential task -
War Bonds
Way to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
People would buy Bonds & the gov promised to return to them w/ interest after 10 years or more
Gov needs the money to pay for war equipment -
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Code Talkers
Navajo code talkers played a key role in the pacific campaign
The American military needed an undecipherable code that could not be broken by the Japanese
The Navajo language is unwritten and extremely complex american forces could transmit messages by telephone and radio in a code that the Japanese were unable to break -
Rosie The Riveter
In 1945 nearly one out of every four married women worked outside the home, 'Rosie The Riveter' star of a gov campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for munitions industry, become the most iconic image of working women during the war -
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WACS
Women joined the new Women's Army Corps (WACS) after basic training most of these took clerical jobs in the military
Women replaced jobs formerly held by men such as shipbuilding and aircraft production
The idea was to have women fill jobs held by man to send more men to war
Between 1941-1945 more than 6.5 million women entered the work force -
Lend Lease Program
Gave the president the authority to "sell lease lend, or otherwise dispose of any defense article" to any nation whose defense he considered critical to that of the U.S
Neutrality by calming that loans were made in the interest of national defense; Goods were not destroyed or lost in battle were to be returned or paid for
It allowed the U.S to proved its allies with aid in the form of tanks, planes, ammunition and construction supplies -
Pearl Harbor
Japanese planes attacked the united states naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii territory
the bombing killed more than 2300 Americans, destroying american battleship U.S.S
"Yesterday, December 7 1941- date which will live in infamy the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of japan -
Executive Order 9066
U.S presidential executive order signed & issued during WW2 by FDR authorizing the secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones clearing the way for the deportation of Japanese Americans
The attack on Pearl Harbor in Dec 7 1941 led to growing suspicions largely by racism and fear about the loyalty of Japanese Americans
120,000 Japanese Americans were informed that the gov. would forcibly remove them from their communities to relocation centers -
Bataan Death March
The Bataan Death March happened after the U.S surrender of the Bataan Peninsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis powers. Allies prisoners were forced to march 65 miles to prison camps where thousands died from disease mistreatment and salvation -
Battle of Midway
The Battle of Midway pushed the war tide in favor of the allied powers since it was one of the most decisive U.S victories against japan
The U.S inflicted permanent damage on the Japanese navy this war the turning pain of the U.S against japan -
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U.S Office of War Information
control the content and imagery of war messages and make citizens aware of how they could help in the war-effort
Produced radio programs newsreels asked citizens to contribute time and money create products consent resources decorate and stir up distrust to lower enemy and population morals to promote surrender -
Bernard Montgomery
Was a senior British army officer who fought in both wars, during the second war he commended the British eight army
Commanded of the 21st army group for the rest of the campaign in the N.W Europe it was essential to success on D-Day in 1944 as was his role as ground commander of the Anglo american forces under Eisenhower -
Douglas MacArthur
He was an American five-star general and field Marshall of the Philippine army
He was chief of staff of the U.S army during the 1930s and play a prominent role in the pacific theater during WW2
Douglas MacArthur led the island happening
Commander of the allied forces in the southwest pacific -
Victory Gardens
As part of the war effort the gov rationed foods like sugar butter milk cheese eggs coffee meat and canned goods
The gov turned to its citizens & encouraged them to plant "Victory Gardens"
Garden help make sure enough food & supplies were available for home & the troops during WW2 -
Radar and M-1 Semi Automatic Rifle
Used to create an electronic map of all objects in all directions and great distances away as possible
Also to locate the precise position of previously detected target
This was great advantage for pilots cause it gave them the opportunity to attack a target at night
It also detected incoming German and Japanese plans
Was a light and easy to use
Caliber gave soldiers more mobility and stronger fire power
Used for everyday killing -
Higgins Boat and Nuclear Weapons
Higgins boat was landing raft used extensively in amphibious landing in WW2 the craft was designed by Andrew Higgins based on boats made for operating in swamps &marshes
In July 16, 1945 president Harry Truman decided to use the atomic bomb against Japan after bombs were dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki in Aug 1945 Japan surrender WW2 in which over 70 million people died when it was over -
WAVE
Woman accepted for volunteer emergency service (WAVES) was created in 1942 in response to the need for additional military personnel during WW2
WAVES were an official part of the the navy its members held the same rank and ratings as male personnel
WAVES could not serve aboard combat ships or aircraft and military were restricted to amity in the continental U.S at the end of WW2 there were over 8000 female officers -
Isorku Yamamoto
Japanese Marshall admiral & commander in chief of the combined fleet
Played a vital role in (executed the surprise attack)pearl harbor which made japan victories -
Erwin Rommel
Field Marshall Erwin Rommel was are of Germans most popular generals during WW1. On D-Day he discussed with other officers about surrendering. Due to his ties to the plot to over thrown Hitler, He was murdered -
George C. Marshall
Acted as chief of staff and the organizer of victory
Worried closely w/ Roosevelt to urge military to prepare by pearl harbor
Built a army of 8 million men
Later helped oversee the creation of the first atomic bomb -
Omar Bradley
Was a senior officer of the U.S Army
He was in service in North America and Western Europe
He then became general of the first american army to land in france -
George Patton
Led the U.S 7th army in its invasion of Sicily and swept across northern France
Patton's forces played a key role in the featuring the German counterattack in the battle of the bulge
Patton died in Germany in Dec 1945 of injuries sustained in automobile accident -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
He was a supreme commander of allied forces
Led the massive invasion of Nazi occupied Europe that began on D-Day (June 6 1944)
Leading republican convince Eisenhower (then in command of N.A.T.O forces in Europe) to run for president -
D-Day
Effected the war tide for the allies positively because the battle foreshadowed the end of Hitlers dreams of Nazi domination. D-Day was the largest air, land, and sea operation undertaken the landing included over 5k ships, 11k airplanes and over 150k service men. By the end the allies had reached the Seine River, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from Northwestern France, Effectively concluding the battle of Normandy -
Korematsu vs U.S
Fred Korematsu a Japanese U.S citizen refused to leave his home in San Leandro, CA
Court decided the nations security concern out-weighed the constitutions promise of equal rights
The executive order 9066 banned Japanese alien and non-alien from the U.S
50 yrs later it was over turned by congress & an apology was given -
Potsdam Conference
The big three soviet leaders Joseph Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill replaced on July 26 by prime minister clement Attlee
Roosevelt Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta to plan the reorganization of Europe at the end of the war agreed on the formation united nations -
Women and Minority
While the men went to fight in the war the women were left to work in the factories. After the war men came back to reclaim their positions at factories but he women didn't want to give them up. Spuring up the feminist movement. In the war men of color fought along side white men for the first time. When they got back from the war they were treated with the same racial slurs. Sparking the civil rights movement -
The U.S and European Countries
In the U.S the war happened after the great depression 30% unemployment was cut down to less than 5% after the employment boost due to the war. The European countries were left to rebuild. The U.S lend money to the countries and Germany was the only country to fully pay it back in 1990