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Harsh Working Conitions
-10 cents an hr,12-14 hrs a day,$8-$10 a week
-Children paid less than 10 cents an hr,f/ 14 hrs a day
-Women received between 1/3-1/2 the pay of men
-Machines were heavy & dangerous,some spit out black smoke,workers came out covered in black soot
-Working with workers who had cut of limbs & sick
-Workers were abandoned if an accident happen,wages stop, no medical attention
-Children had a physical deformities,b/c lack of sunlight & exercise
-Children and Women were abused -
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The Revolution
-Focused on women's rights & woman's suffrage
-Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton both were publisher & editor
-They establish the revolution during a period when a split was developing within the woman's right movement
-Together they provided leadership for to stop women's suffrage in the U.S.
-Woman's rights movement had greatly reduced @ the turn of the century -
Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
-WCTU fought for prohibition,the beginning of alcoholic beverages,wanted immigrants & poor city dwellers to uplift themselves
-Frances Wilard help transform the Union from a small Mid-Western religious group to a national organization
-Aroused tension btw immigrants b/c their customs included alcohol consumption -
Assassination Of President Garfield
-The assassin was Charles J. Guiteau
-Shot at the president twice,but only 1 bullet directly impacted him
-Reason Charles shot him was he was turned down from a job by the president,mentally unstable,believe God told him to
-Charles wrote a poem ,"I am going to the Lordy" to Garfield about his own death
-Garfield lived for a couple months but soon died from an inffection -
Pendleton Act
-Patronage system a practice in which a political party after winning an election gives gov. jobs to its supporters
-Merit system is the process of promoting & hiring gov. employees based on their ability to preform a job
-Effect:officials could no longer pressure employees for company contributions
-Cause:President Garfield was shot two times by Charles Guiteau whom turned a job down Chester Arthur became president -
Interstate Commerce Act Of 1887
-The reason for this law was to make railroad rates fair for all the customers
-The power of the law was basically to regulate railroad prices
-This was the first federal law to regulate private industry in the US
-The importance of this law was to eliminate discrimination against small markets, and establishing a "reasonable & just prices " standard
-The ICC was to enforce regulations & investigate allegations such as fraud,deception,& discrimination toward private businesses -
Sherman Antitrust Act
-To address oppressive business practices associated w/ cartels & oppressive monopolies
-What caused the act?,Business illegally forming trust that interfered w/ trade
-The Act was suppose to go against big business & the Trust in the Supreme-court,but they didn't define what trust meant
-It was useless until 1900's when Trust-busters closed over 44 trust companies
-John D. Rockefeller (w/standard oil) was 1 of the Cap Of Industry or Robber Baron that caused the Act to be created -
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The Progressive Era
-The progressive era was a time of social & political reforms during which corruption & social differences were exposed ,many changes were made to American Society -
Populist (People) Party
-Their idea were economic reforms,increase in money supply,graduated income tax,8 hr workdays,immigration restriction,they wanted direct vote for senators
-Cause f/ these ideas were b/c they wanted people to have a greater voice in their gov.& the populist program kept alive the concept that the gov. is responsible f/ reforming social injustice
-Populist president candidate James Weaver in 1893 won almost 10% of the total vote but lost to Grover C. f/ the Dem.Party -
Red Record
-Ida B. Wells
-Wells passion was telling the country of the awful happening in the South lynchings b/c she lost several friends
-Effect was to raise awareness & option of the Southern region on how African Americans were being treated -
Klondike Gold Rush
-Out of 100,000 prospectors only 30,000 reached the region
-It was difficult to reach the Klondike region & b/c of the terrain & harsh weather intense cold & frequent snowstorms
-The people left their job for the Klondike gold-diggers
-Many prospectors became penny less b/c they had spent alot of money that they need to get to Klondike.The continental economy however became locked in a state of depress
-They didn't always find gold but the hard wares supplies made a fortune selling the equipment -
Plessy v. Ferguson
-Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark constitutional law cause of the US Supreme Court.It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of " Separation But equal"
-The US Supreme Court ruled that racially separate facilities ,if equal,did not violate the constitution
-All railways companies carry both races(Whites & 4 Colors race)
-1st time the US had a segregation law -
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Muckraker Journalist
-Means to search for & expose misconduct in public life,like Upton Sinclair & Ida B. Wells
-They would write about things that the gov. or company owners wanted to keep secret & out of the minds of the public
-The effects of this type of journalism made companies fall b/c it would open the eyes of the people to the truth of what's really going on -
Pure Food & Drug Act
-Provided federal inspection of meat products & forbade the manufacture,sale or transportation of harmful food products & poisonous patent medicines
-Before the passage of this law,there was no regulation in how food was produced
-Patent medicines that could stop hair loss or heal aching joints were being recalled due to inspections f/ having harmful substances
-Muckrakers had successfully heightened public awareness of safe issues stemming from caress food preperation -
The Jungle
-Written by muckraking journalist Upton Sinclair
-Focus was the human condition in the stockyards of Chicago & exploit the labor of men & women for profit
-Magnified the sickening conditions of the meat-packing industry
-As results of making the public aware of the filthy & dangerous condition,each local gov. passed its own set of health codes as well as the meat inspection & the pure food & drug act -
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Social Gospel
-Religious movement that arose during the 2nd half of the 19th century ,Ministers belonging to the protestant branch of good workers together
-They argued that people must emulate their life of Jesus Christ
-Result of the social gospel increased immigration,urbanization,of the Gilded Age
-Result also led to the Young Men Christian Association(YMCA) -
NAACP
-In the 1920's-1930's the NAACP devoted much of its energy to publicizing the lynching of blacks throughout the US
-The initials stand for the National Association for the Advancement of Color People
-The NAACP was found in 1909 by a group of multi-racial activist
-It was originally called the National Negro committee by lead by W.E.B. Dobois -
16th Amendment
-Allows the congress to levy an income tax on the people
-Its biggest effect was it shifted the balance of power toward the federal gov. & away from the states
-Progressive:favoring or advocating progress & change
-Revenue-collective items of income of a person ,state,etc.
-Tariff-tax or duty to be paid -
17th Amendment
-The senate of the U.S. shall be compose of 2 senators from each state,elected by the people there of,for 6 yrs & each senator shall have 1 vote
-It changes the theory about who senators represented,shifting the focus from state gov. to the residents of states
-Direct election:system of choosing political of offices holders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person -
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Progressive(Bull House) Party
-Their platform was a tariff reform,women's suffrage,federal law against child labor ,federal trade commission to regulate businesses,amongest other reforms
-They broke off the Rep. Party
-Major candidates of the Presidential Election of 1912 were Theodore R. ,William H. & Woodrow Wilson
-This "3rd party"split affected the Presidential Election of 1912 b/c the split divided the Rep. Party & the country, which helped Dem. Woodrow Wilson win the election of 1912 -
Federal Reserve Act
-The Federal Reserve Act was created by congress to provide the nation with a safer,more flexible & more stable financial system
-The FRA established a permanent central banking institution.A influential bank that is known as the Federal Reserve
-There are 12 Federal Banks in each regional location & 1 main central bank -
18th Amendment-A
-Caused by under spread belief consumption of alcohol was deteriorating American health & causing criminal activities
-Establish the prohibition of alcohol beverages in the US by declaring the production,transport,& sale of alcohol illegal
-Instead of reducing crime,it created massive organized crime & corrupted public officials who took bribes -
18th Amendment-B
-Temperance:restraint & moderation from drinking
-Prohibition:nationwide ban of alcohol
-Speakeasy:illicit establishing that sells alcohol beverages
-Flapper:generation of young western women in 1920's who wore short skirts,bobbed their hair,listen to jazz,& flaunted their unacceptable behavior -
19th Amendment
-Women wanted equality
-Granted women the rights to vote-a right known as suffrage
-Helped women move closer to equality in all aspects of American life
-Women advocated for jobs,fair wages,education,sex education,and birth control