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Captions of Industry - Andrew Carnegie
-19th century industrialist
-the name Capions of Industry came from Thomas Carlyle's book Past and Present, written in 1843
-Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry
-controlled the most extensive integrated iron and steel operations ever owned by an individual in the United States
-adopted the Bessemer process for steel making -
Homestead Act
-opened up settlement in the western US allowing americans and slaves to claim up to 160 free acres of federal land
-created a war with native americans to protect their tribal land from white settlement
-gold in california, extended RR to expand westward -
Transcontinental Railroad
-railroad sped up the transport to industries which sped up the process of making goods
-affected settlement allowing easy transport west, people looked for land, cash crops, and new start
-easy access to sell cattle for the cowboys/farmers with crops
-making farmers feel threatened w/ railroads monopolies -
First Transcontinental Railroad in the US
-RR sped up the transport to industries, which sped up the process of making goods
-Affected settlement allowing easy transport west
-People looked for land, cash crop, and a new start
-Making farmers feel threatened with railroads monopolies
-Easy access to sell cattle for the cowboys and farmers with crops -
Captains of Industry - John D. Rockfoller
-he was the owner of standard oil company
-his money helped pay for the creation of university of Chicago which he gave for than 80$ million dollars to
-helped found the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York
-standard oil got into the business itself itself with the purchase of pipelines and terminals setting up a system of transportation and distributing gas station -
Captains of Industry John D. Rockefeller
-He was the owner of standard oil company
-His money helped pay for the creation of university of Chicago to which he gave more than 80 million
-Helped found the Rockefeller institute for medical research in NY and Rockefeller foundation
-Standard oil got into the business itself with the purchase of pipelines and terminals setting up a system of transportation and distributing gas stations is horizontal integration -
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Rise of the Labor Unions
-Labor University helped protect the rights of workers
To be a part of labor unions workers apply for membership and pay dues
-The purpose of labor unions was to increase wages and benefits for members who helped stop child labor
-Went on strike, boycott and sometimes violence would occur
-Employers attempted to combat the unions with Sherman's antitrust laws
-Employers wanted to exclude unions from their buisinesses -
Bessemer Street Process
-the removal of impurities f/ iron
-The Bessemer process revolutionized steel production.
, decreasing cost
-The process made steel stronger than iron.
-RR went further, building grew high due to strength plus low cost of steel -
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Tammy Hall and Boss Tweed
-Representing Democratic Party
-Granted jobs and government building contract to people who did him favors and encouraged judicial corruption in NYC
Openly bought votes for politian in NY
-Embezzled city funds for NY
-New Irish immigrants were targeted to make vote in Tweed's favor in return for help with housing and jobs -
Nast vs Boss Tweed
-he filled important political positions with friends
-controlled the NYC government and democratic party
-established a network of corruption known as Tweed Ring
-stole millions of dollars from NYC
escaped prison to Spain, then was captured and sent back to prison -
Chinese Exclusionary Act
-First significant restriction on US immigration
-Prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers
-Act was originally intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed in 1892 and made permanent in 1902, but was repealed by the Magunson Act in 1943 -
Haymarket Riot
-labor protest rally near Chicago's Haymarket
-turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police
-at least 8 people dies
-8 radical labor activists were convicted in connection with the bombing
Haymarket riot was viewed as a setback for the organized labor movement in America -
Hull House
-located in Chicago Illinois
-leaders were Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr
-the purpose was to aid the needy immigrants to assimilate to american customs
-unique in this time period because they were women -
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Homestead Strike
-the Homestead Strike pitted one of the most powerful new corporation, Cargie Steel Company
-an 1889 strike had won the steelwork a three year contract
-in 1892 Andrew Carnegie was determined to break the union
-they stepped up production demands and locked workers out of the plant
there were over 10 thousand protesters
ended November 20, 1892 -
John D. Rockefeller
-Founder of the standard oil company which dominated the oil industry and was the first great US business trust. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum
-Monopoly-Standard oil gradually gainer almost complete control of oil refining and marketing in the US through horizontal integration. In the kerosene industry, Standard oil replaced the old distrubution system with its own vertical system -
Homestetad Strike
-Labor workers went on strike because pay wages were getting lower and lower as well as working conditions
-Andrew Carnegie was in Scotland while Henry Frick was in charge
-There was a miscommunication between them two and resulting in Henry using too much force to overpower the strike
-Resulting in the weakining of unionism of the steel industry until the 1930s -
Pullman Strike
-George Pullman increased working hours, cut wages and cut jobs caused from depression in 1893
-The workers who belonged to the American Railroad Union protested and started the Pullman Strike on May 11, 1894 and violence broke out -
Plessy vs Fergunson
-law case of the US Supreme Court upheld state racial segregation laws for public faciltied under the doctrine of "Seprate but Equal"
-Seprate but Equal" did not violate the 14th ammendment which guarenteed equal protection under the law to all citizens
-the expression most often reffered to the legally or social enforte -
Pure Food and Drug Act
-prevented the manufacture, sale or transportation of adulterated, mislabeled or poisonous food, drugs or medicines
-was the first of many consumer protection laws
-the law required to label any drugs that are addictive including alcohol, morphine, opium and cannabis
-this law caused Coca-Cola have to replace the cocaine in their products with caffiene -
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The Angle Island
-Was one entry in to the US, established by the US
-The government detained immigrants sometimes for years before letting them into the US
Asian immigrants felt humiliated having to disrobe in front of doctors
Asian women were denied entry if they did not have a husband or father already in the country
Asian immigrants were denied entry for small health problems -
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Great Migration
-push factor: poor economic conditions in the south, limitations of shavecupping, farm failures, and ongoing vacial oppression in the farm of Jim Cuow laws
-pull factors: reports of good wages and living conditions that spread by word of mouth and appeared in Af. Am. newspapers
-Seaking better civil economic opportunities, many blacks were not fully able to escape racism by migrating to the north when Af. Am. were segregated into ghettos in New York and Chicago -
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Cattle Drive Era
-Location in Texas but ended in the mid-west where the trains were that took the cattle east
-Chicago and New York have more people, so the more the people the more they needed beef
-The new technology was barb wire that ended the open range -
Americanization Day
-movement set about to reshape the eva's image around themes of immigrants embracing American culture
-across the country immigrants and non immigrants gathered to sing patriotic songs, recite the pledge of Allegiance and listen to speeches
-pros: spread of culture and assimilation of immigrants into the US
cons: takes away from immigrants sense of pride for their native country -
New Immigration
-Russians and Ukranian Jews came seeking refuge from religious oppression
-wanted social mobility by the "rags to riches' American dream
-seeking employment, most new immigration from Southern European nations were in dire economic times with high unemployment
-grown in industrial development
-settled in places such as NY, Boston and Philadelphia -
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Homestead Strike