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Pledge of Allegiance
-It was written by Francis Bellamy
-It changed since 1892 to 1954 before it was agreed on
-It was changed so immigrants would not confuse loyalties between their birth country&the US
-In 1923 they added "the flag of the United States ", a year later added "of America"
-In June 14,1954 added "under god" by a joint resolution of congress
-From 1954 till this day, we the people of the US
pledge of Allegiance since the last change in 1954 -
father of the naval aviation
-Glenn Curtis was the 1st to drive a plane with an engine in 1902
-In 1908 he designed a sea plane that could land on water
-Landed his "hydroplane" in a naval aviation
-Convinced the secretary of the navy to buy the 1st aircraft
-In 1912 he developed a larger flying boat
-Constructed the 1st airplane to cross the alantic ocean for the US navy -
Social Darwinism
-Haves were rich people, or people that had power.
-If you were poor or not educated then it means that they don't deserve to have money or power and they were a have not
-Concept behind Social Darwinism was racism, money, and power
-What Social classes owe to each other was a pamphlet by William Graham Summers about solving social problems created in 1883-1903 -
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Red Scare
-Xenophobia is the fear of foreigners
-Many Americans were scared of the Communists because the communist had overthrown Russia in 1917 and murdered them
-A series of bomb explosions in 1919,including an attempt on Mitchell Palmer,lead to a campaign against the communists
-Palmer raids caused mass arrests.Palmer violated people's civil rights.Palmer lead groups pf people searching for communists
-No communists were discovered,lives were ruined due to the raids -
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Harlem Renaissance
-The Harlem Renaissance was the rise of power of African going civil rights.The Harlem renaissance was also known as the 'new negro movement" contributing factors leading to the Harlem renaissance were the great migration of African Americans to northern cities,which had created new industrial work opportunities for tens of thousands of people over two million African Americans moved to the north to escape share cropping,tenant farming,and deep racism they faced African American. -
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Transcontinental Immigration
-After the war the need for unskilled labor went down, the U.S. setup a quote system in order to limit immigration
-The immigrants who were already here were being discriminated & were forced to be Americanized
-It affected their plans to go back to their country because of fear of not being able to return
-New business activity centered in cities which caused many people to move
-New banks throughout the country helped finance economic growth by making loans to business -
Henry Ford
-When manufacture first adopted their assembly line to their production process, they often achieved dramatic gains in productivity
-Ford was producing 1.6 million cars a year at a pace of less than $300 per car
-The growth in automobile ownership, from 8 to 24 million, greatly affected all aspects of American life
-Ford payed his workers $5 an hour, so they could affored the model T they built -
19th Amendment (Women's suffrage
-Women around the country had been fighting for the right to vote for over 300 years
-Women started voting in government elections and becoming in the political system -
U.N.I.A.
-Marcus Mosiah Garvey
-The members pledge themselves to do all in their power to conserve the rights of their noble race and to respect the rights of all mankind believing always in the fatherhood of god
-North and the frustrations of struggling to cope with Urban life set the scene for Garvey's back to Africa movement
(United Negro Improvement Association ) -
Emergecy Quota Act
-It limited the number of immigrants entering the United States in any one year to 3% of each nationality group in 1910
-From 1919-1921 the number of immigrants had grown from 600% congress in response to natives pressure decided to limit immigration from Certain countries including Japan
-Positive thing about it was the were more jobs for the americans -
Duke of Ellington
-Duke Ellington was influenced to the Harlem Renaissance he was in fact a musician Jazz music also swing music
-Ellington was known for being a American composer,pianist,and band leader of jazz orchestra
-He influenced both black and white people with his music because music doesn't have a race (Cotton club) was where Duke played it was a club for African American music but only white people were allowed -
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National origins formula
-Restricted immigration on the basis of existing proportions of the population.It aimed to reduce the overall number of unskilled immigrants, and to prevent immigration from changing the ethnic distribution of the population.It discriminated against southern and eastern Europeans. The gov't only allowed 2% of the population into the nation.The Asian exclusion act was modified which banned Asians completed out.
-The act caused immigration to drop by almost 500,00 people between 1920 and 1922 -
Teapot dome scandal
-Albert B Fall, a close friend of various oil executives,managed to get reserves transformed from the navy to the Interior department
-Fall secretly leased the land to two private oil companies,including Henry Sinclair's mammoth oil company
-Fall received more than $400,000 in "bans,bonds,&cash"
-He was found guilty of bribery & became the 1st American to be convicted of a felony
-Fall & Harding were close friends during this event it hurt president Harding to not be re-elcted -
Emergency Quote Act, Ending with the start of WW1
-The act "proved in the long run the most turning point in American immigration policy because it added two new features to the american immigration law: american limits on immigration and the use of a quote system for establishing those limits
-The law aimed at further restricting the southern and eastern Europeans, among Jews.
-Naturalism-The policy of protecting the interest of native born or establishing inhabitants against those immigrants -
Langston Hughes
-Poet & Writer
-Best known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance
-Poetry:activity,novelist,Play writing'The crisis" is the official publication of the NAACP national association for the advancement of colored people
-Negro speaks of rivers claims rivers as "ancient as the world" older than the blood that flows in our veins -
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Nativism
-A dislike of foreigner's
-The Red Scare which had anarchists bombings
-The Sacco & Vanzetti case
-Migration of African Americans from South to Northern cities increased racial tensions with KKK
-During Red Scare anarchists targeted judges, politicians, law enforcement officials, 2 foreigners sentenced to death for robbery & KKK targeted African Americans doing lynchings and new foreigners using the emergency Quota Act to scare others -
Scopes "Monkey Trail"
-Highschool teacher accused of teaching evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law
-The butler act did not allow the teaching of any theory that denied the biblical story of creation
-Hundreds of reporters from all over the country, first trail broadcast on the radio
-He was found guilty, had to pay fine of $100, but the verdict was thrown out on a technicality
-All mention of evolution was removed from textbooks in Tennessee, till the butler act was removed in 1969 -
First Solo Transatlantic flight
-The pilots name is Charles Lindbergh his plane was called the spirit of St.Louis
-He flew from the Roosevelt field in Long Island, New York, U.S. to Paris, France
-100,000 people came to see him after he landed in Paris, France,and when he came back to the United States there were 4,000,000 people who came to see him
-After Charles Lindbergh flight the public's opinion changed on planes and flying itself.Instead of being terrified anymore they want to learn to fly themselves. -
Fats Waller
-Originated from African American communities of New Orleans in the US during the late 19th & 20th century
-"Ain't misbehaving' song was written while "lodging" in Alimony prison and that is why he was not "misbehaving"
-Began a new radio program called " Rhythm Club"
-Two Hollywood films "Hooray for love!" and "King of Burlesque" -
Eugenics
-Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population
-The government under Theodore Roosevelt created a national heredity by commission that was charged to investigate the genetic heritage of the country and to "encourage" the increase of families of good blood and (discourage) the viscous elements in the cross-bred American civilization
-Hitler believed that the Aryan people which came from Eugenics were destined to rule the world