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House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
an investigative committee of the US House of Representatives created in 1938 to inquire into rebellious activities in the US (It was abolished in 1975)
In the mid- 1940's, the committee focused it's investigations on searching for communists in the US
Most famous for investigating Alger Hiss and for the "blacklisting" of many Hollywood actors
Often inaccurately associated with Joseph McCarthy, who was a senator (not a member of the House) -
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2nd Great Migration
migration of 5 million African Americans FROM South& North TO THE Midwest and west.
African Americans moved from discrimination and for jobs in the defense industry.
They went to cities like Los Angeles, Oakland and Long Beach -
G.I. Bill Established
wanted to create benefits and jobs for soldiers coming back from WWII
Benefits: low cost mortgage, start up loans for business, low interest loans, payed soldiers to go to college
Economy was greatly improving in the US with the help of the G.I. Bill -
Potsdam Conferance
Roosevelt from the US, Churchill from the UK, and Stalin from Russia met in Yalta. They agreed on the formation of the United Nations. They also agreed that Germany would be divided into four zones. The zones were occupied by Russia, England, US, France. Free elections were also allowed. Soon after differences began to emerge. -
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Arms RACE
major superpowers: US,Great Britain, Soviet Union, and France details: both countries had nuclear weapons and was creating more to be= to each other civilian response: the schools made the students practice duck and cover in school to protect from falling debris and the bomb shelters were set up to protect people from missiles (nuke war) mutually assured destruction (have enough to destroy your own country) and every other country in the world -
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Baby BOOM!!!
An increase of Am. population occurred after WWII and the Korean War
By the end of the 3.4 million babies were born
War stricken men wanted to see their wives and tired of taking lives now wanted to create life after the war in marriages and general prosperity came a demand for housing, federal highway construction, new industries, and increased military spending all of which helped create jobs. mass production of homes in the Suburbs. helped create more jobs -
Truman Doctrine
Purpose; the US made the policy to help stop the spread of communism and keep communism contained- was created to free a smaller country from a bigger force (communist)
Containment policy; is to stop the spread of communism to other countries- domino theory: if one state came under communism the rest would follow -
Marshall Plan
In 1947 Secretary of State George Marshall proposed an economic program to contain communism.
His Marshall Plan supported economic aid to Europe and generated increased trade between the US and European nations
Marshall received the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize for the plan -
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COLD WAR
Cold War started with the Truman doctrine and ended with the fall of the Berlin Wall -
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Berlin Airlift
During the Communist blockage of west Berlin, British and US planes airlifts flew humanitarian supplies into Berlin for nearly a year -
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Purpose: safeguard the freedom and security of its members through political and military means
why it was created: protect each other from the Soviet Union
Members: US, UK, Canada, and 9 north western European countries
Stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
soviet response: they tried to expand and made the Warsaw Pact (defense treaty among eight communist states) -
ROCK-N-ROLL
A form of popular music that evolved in the 1950's from rhythm and blues; characterized by the use of electric guitars, a strong rhythm with an accent on the offbeat, and youth-oriented lyrics it characterized a generational divide between youth and adults -
Air-Conditioning (Man made Weather)
Modern A/C invented in 1902 but not put to widespread use until after WWII
Used 1st in a theater in the South- use old TV A/C & Cars killed the use of front pouch gatherings and drove up the use of electricity
Jobs & people in the South A/C helped boosted the economy -
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Korean War
Causes: After WWII communist N.K. invaded S.K. US fighting the Soviets in Korea
Results: A treaty divided along the 38th parallel
WHEN N.K. TURNED COMMUNIST- CEASE FIRE, TODAY IT IS THE MOST GUARDED BORDER- TRUMAN DOCTRINE: STOPPED THE SPREAD TO OTHER COUNTRIES.
helping S.K falls under the Truman doctrine because american helped contain communism from going to S.K. or not past the 38th parallel
Domino theory k. fall to communism others would follow. created more friction between us and ussr -
Senate hearings led by Joseph McCarthy
RED SCARE II also McCarthyism -
term coined by political cartoonist Herbert Block in a 1950 cartoon in reference to Senator Joseph McCarthy
The fear of communism (a second red scare) increased throughout the 1950's extreme opposition to communism gained the name
"McCarthyism" from the efforts of Senator McCarthy in 1950 announced that communists worked in the State Dept. He identify known communists and accused others due to 1000's falsely accused he lost the senators race -
Sputnik launch (RUSSIA)
Important to the US: Sputnik launched ignites US -Soviet space race
President of the US: Dwight Eisenhower (WWII General)
head of Soviet Union: Nikita Kurshcev -
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SPACE RACE
what it was about: national security reasons and symbolism
began with the launch of Sputnik (Russia) response to Sputnik: America tried to get the first man on the moon and bet USSR in the space race effects on education and tech.: people were more interested in learning about space and going to space tech.: America made better and safer rockets for crew
Led to the creation of NASA
Soviet-American space mission -
creation of NASA
importance to the US: was the first space program made by the US after Russia launched 1st space craft (SPUTNIK) US also pushed for more math and science education in school people: Pres. Eisenhower -
Berlin Wall
In 1961, the soviet backed the East German government
(GDR) began constructing a fence to halt the flow of human resources from the East to West. -The Wall was a symbol of the division of east and west for the remainder of the Cold War until it was taken down in ions -
President Kennedy "Moon" Speech
"We choose to go to the moon" speech
meant to persuade the American people to support the effort of NASA to send a manned space flight to the moon. -
Cuban Missle CRISIS
During the October 1962 crisis
President John F. Kennedy warned leader Nikita Khrushchev that an attack launched on the US from missiles based in Cuba would be considered an attack from the Soviet Union
In 1963 Kennedy secured a nuclear test-ban treaty with the Soviets
Direct communication between the White House and the Kremlin was enacted so the nations' leaders could communicate in times of crisis. Creates a nuclear test banned between Kennedy and Khrushchev -
Friendship 7
importance to America: first successful attempted by NASA to place an astronaut into space
People: John Glenn