-
Hilary Putnam (July 31, 1926 – March 13, 2016)
As a professor at Princeton University, Putnam immersed himself in mathematics and contributed largely to the general algorithm for solving Diophantine equations (polynomials). “Hilary Putnam.” Wikipedia, 6 June 2024, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_Putnam#Philosophy_of_mind. Accessed 8 June 2024. -
Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928 - present day)
Chomsky led The March against the draft during the Vietnam War, resulting in his arrest. "A Call to Resist Illegitimate Authority" (published on October 12, 1967) was a manifesto signed by many notable philosophers including Chomsky.
Noam Chomsky - The Prison System
McGilvray, James A. “Noam Chomsky | Biography, Books, & Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2019. -
Larry Laudan (October 16, 1941 – August 23, 2022)
Laudan published Beyond Positivism and Relativism in 1996 and wrote that "the aim of science is to secure theories with a high problem-solving effectiveness." He emphasizes that scientific progress is possible when empirical data is diminished. “Larry Laudan.” Wikipedia, 12 Apr. 2024, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Laudan. Accessed 8 June 2024. -
John Polkinghorne (16 October 1930 – 9 March 2021)
Polkinghorne was awarded the Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries About Spiritual Realities (equivalent of a Nobel Prize for religion). He quotes, "The more I examine the universe and the details of its architecture, the more evidence I find that the universe in some sense must have known we were coming." Wikipedia Contributors. “John Polkinghorne.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 31 Oct. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Polkinghorne.