-
Original pledge of allegiance
-Bellamy had hoped that the pledge would be used by citizens in any country
-The phrase "to the flag of the united states of America" was added to the pledge of allegiance in 1923 so it could be specific of US
-The phrase "under God" wasn't added to our pledge of allegiance until 1954 in response to threat of communism -
Father of naval aviation
-Glen Curtis was the first to drive a plane with an engine in 1902
-In 1908 he designed a sea plane that could land on water
-Landed his "hydroplane" in a naval aviation
-Convinced the secretary of the navy to buy the 1st aircraft
-In 1912 he developed a larger flying boat
-Constructed the first airplane to cross the Atlantic ocean for the US navy -
Social darwanism
-Haves were rich people, or people that had power
-If you were poor or not educated it meant they dint deserve to have money or power and they were a "have not"
-concept behind social Darwinism was racism,money,and power.
-What social classes owe to each other was a pamphlet by William graham summers about solving social problems created in 1883-1903 -
Henry Ford
-was a engineer early automobile manufacturer
-he introduced the assembly line in 1914, increasing production by moving cars along a conveyor belt while workers complete their assigned tasks . paid workers 5 an hour (highest paid)workers only worked 5 days than a 6 day work week. -
Period: to
Red score
-xenophobia is the fear of foreigners
-Many Americans were scared of the communist because the communist have overthrown Russia in 1917 and murdered them.
-A series of bomb explosion in 1919, included an attempt on Mitchell Palmer, lead to a campaign against the communist
-Palmer raids caused a mass arrests . Palmer violated peoples civil rights Palmer lead groups of people searching for communists .
-No communists were discovered . lives were ruined due to the raids . -
Period: to
Harlem Renaissance
-The Harlem renaissance was the rise of power of African going towards civil rights .
-The Harlem Renaissance was also known as the "new negro movement
- "contributing factors leading to the Harlem renaissance were the great migration of African Americans to northern cities , which had created new industrial work opportunities for tons of thousands of people
- over two million African american moved to the north to escape share cropping , tenant farming, and deep racism they faced -
Period: to
Transcontinental immigration
-After the war the need for unskilled labor went down, the US setup system in order to limit immigration
-The immigrants who were already here were being discriminated & were forced to be Americanized
-It affected their plans to go back to their country because of fear of not being able to return
-New business activity centered in cities which caused many people to move
-New banks throughout the country helped finance the economic growth by making loans to the buisness -
19th amendment
-on august 18,1920 the19th amendment to the US constitution granted American women the right to vote ,a right known as women suffrage by 1818 the NWSA (national women suffrage association ) and the collective suffrage movement had gathered enough influence to lobby the US congress for a constitution amendment this has allowed women to have the right to vote to this day -
UNIA
-Marcus Mosiah Garvey
-The members pledged themselves to do all in their power to conserve the rights of their noble race and to respect the rights of all mankind believing always in the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of God
-North and the frustration of struggling to cope with urban life set the scene for Garvey back to Africa movement
-He went to Jamaica and was kicked out of the US
-He wanted the people to come back to Liberia which was a movement "back-to-Africa " -
Langston hughes
-poet and writer
-Best known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance
-poetry,activity.nopvolist,play writting, -
Period: to
Nativism
-A dislike of foreigners
-The red scare which had anarchists bombings
-The Sacco and Vanzetti case
-migration of African Americans from south to northern cities increased racial tension with KKK
-During Red scare anarchists targeted judges, politicians, law enforcement officials, 2 foreigners sentenced to death for robbery and KKK targeted African american doing lynchings and new foreigners using the emergency Quota act to scare others . -
emergency quota act
-Restricted immigrants into the US
-The reason for passing the act was the flood of immigrants in recent years had negative wage effects on native ban Americans
-Following the WW1 , both Europe and US were suffering economic and social upheaval.
-The Russians revolution and the dissolution of both Austria -Hungarian empire and ottoman empire led to grated immigration to the US -
teapot dome scandal
Albert B. Fall ,a close friend to various oil executive ,managed to get preservers transferred from the navy to the interior department
-Fall,secretly leased the land to two private oil companies,including Henry Sinclair mammoth oil company
-Fall received more than $4000,000 in "bans.bonds and cash"
-He was found guilty of bribery and became the first american to be convicted of a felony
-Fall and Harding were close friends , during the event it hurt president Harding to not be re-elected. -
Period: to
teapot dome scandal
-1920's involved national security , big oil companies+ corruption of the US and selling military land
-events led decades before government and US navy officials , new global presence
-Albert B. Fall servered as secretary of theinterior in president Warren G. Harding's cabinet
-Scandal left a lasting stain on president reputation -
Period: to
national origins formula
-Restricted immigration on the basis of existing proportions of the population
-it aimed to reduce the number of unskilled immigrants,and to prevent immigration from changing the ethic distribution of the population .
-it discriminated against southern and eastern Europeans.The government only allowed 2% of the population into the nation .
-The Asian exclusion act was modified which barried Asians completely out.
-The act caused immigration to drop by almost 500,000people between 1920-1922 -
monkey trial
-issue: John Scopes , a biology teacher was arrested for teaching his class about the theory of evolution .
-people involved in the case: William Jennings Bryan , John Scopes , Clarence Darrow
-Ruleing : Scopes monkey trial ends with guilty verdict 1925 John scopes a high school teacher and part time football coach
-At the end Scopes was convicted for teaching evolution but his $1 fine was later set aside -
first solo transattantic flight
-Name of the pilot was Charles Lindberg
-Name of the plane was the spirit of st.Louis
-start of this flight was Roosevelt field NY to land at LA Bourget airport near paris
-He changed public opinion on the value ofar travel and laid the foundation for the future development of aviation -
Fats Waller
- Aint misbehaving influenced the area of music(Jazz music)Originated from African american communities of new Orleans in the US during 19th-20th century.Jazz music allows an individual to express themselves on their instrument -popular work listed :Aint misbehaving,is a musical revue tribute to the black musicians of the Harlem renaissance in the 1920s&1930s -Influence on society: Influenced both whites &African american people.Influenced the area of creativity,cultural awarenessðic pride
-
Eugenics
-eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of he human population
-The government under Theadore Roosevelt created a national heredity commission that was charged to investigate the genetic heritage of the country and to encourage th increase of families of good blood and discouraged the vicious elements in the cross-bared American civilization
-Hitler believed tha the Aryan people which came from eugenics were destined to rule the world -
Quota Act ending with ww11
-Negativism -the policy of protecting the interests of native -born established inhabitants against those of immigrants
-The cause of negativism was to protect the native born Americans especially of Anglo-sexton extension and they are the ones who have superior rights to the foreign born
-The trail of sac-ca and Vanzetti , and ku klux klan used nativism in order to gain public acceptance.